Impact of dietary propionate on fructose-induced changes in lipid metabolism, gut microbiota and short-chain fatty acids in mice

Propionate has antimicrobial activity and is suggested to influence lipid metabolism. Here, we investigated the effect of propionate on lipid metabolism and the gut microbiome in fructose-fed mice as a model of diet-induced steatosis and gut dysbiosis. Therefore, 48 male wild-type mice were fed isoenergetic diets with either 0% fructose (F–) or 40% fructose (F+) that contained 0% propionate (P–) or 1% propionate (P+) for 7 weeks. Mice that received the F+ diets developed fatty livers, had fewer small intestinal proteobacteria and colonic actinobacteria and were characterised by changes in bacterial genera (e.g., <i>Allobaculum</i>, <i>Lachnospiraceae</i>, and <i>Escherichia</i>). Interestingly, mice fed the F+ diets had higher levels of propionate and butyrate in the circulation than mice fed the F– diets (<i>p</i> Verrucomicrobia, other bacterial phyla were not affected by propionate.