Physiological and biochaemical parameters of horses in three-barrel training: post-warm-up, post-exercise and post-rest

ABSTRACT Physiological and biochemical parameters were evaluated in Quarter Horse during three-barrel training, in three times: T0 (before warm-up), T1 (after warm-up), T2 (after completing the exercise, performing only one course), T3 (after resting for 20 minutes of the course), and T4 (after resting for 40 minutes of the course). The parameters evaluated were: heart rate (HR), respiratory rate (RR), rectal temperature (RT) and capillary filling time (ECT); Serum concentrations of sodium, potassium, chloride, total calcium, BUN, creatinine, osmolarity, creatine kinase, aspartate transaminase; Plasma concentrations of total protein (PT), glucose, and lactate. HR, RR and RT increased shortly after the course (T2) but were restored after 40 minutes of rest. Lactate concentration increased after conditioning, but at low concentrations, but high levels occurred after the course (T2), and although decreased after 20 (T3) and 40 minutes (T4) of the course, it was still above normal limits. There were no significant changes in the other parameters. At the end of a single course of three-barrel, the exercise of maximum intensity did not cause significant biochemical variations in horses, except for lactate, which increased to levels of hyperlactatemia, and was not restored until 40 minutes of rest, even with the physical parameters already recovered.摘要 本研究对夸特马（Quarter Horse）在三桶训练过程中的多项生理生化指标进行了检测，共设置5个采样时间点：T0（热身前）、T1（热身结束后）、T2（完成单次训练课程后）、T3（训练结束休息20分钟后）以及T4（训练结束休息40分钟后）。本次检测的指标包括：心率（heart rate, HR）、呼吸频率（respiratory rate, RR）、直肠温度（rectal temperature, RT）与毛细血管充盈时间（capillary filling time, ECT）；血清中钠、钾、氯、总钙、血尿素氮（blood urea nitrogen, BUN）、肌酐、渗透压、肌酸激酶、天冬氨酸转氨酶；血浆中总蛋白（total protein, PT）、葡萄糖与乳酸。结果显示，心率、呼吸频率与直肠温度在单次训练课程结束后（T2）即刻升高，并在休息40分钟后恢复至基线水平。乳酸浓度在适应性训练后略有升高但处于低水平，而在训练课程结束后（T2）出现显著升高；尽管在训练结束后20分钟（T3）与40分钟（T4）时有所下降，但仍高于正常参考范围。其余检测指标均未出现显著变化。在单次三桶训练课程结束后，该高强度运动并未使马匹出现显著的生化指标变化，仅乳酸浓度升高至高乳酸血症（hyperlactatemia）水平，且在休息40分钟后仍未恢复至正常范围，尽管此时马匹的生理参数已恢复正常。