Profiling mouse cochlear cell maturation using 10X Genomics single-cell transcriptomics

Juvenile and mature mouse cochleae contain various low-abundant, vulnerable sensory epithelial cells embedded in the calcified temporal bone, making it challenging to profile the dynamic transcriptome changes of these cells during maturation at the single-cell level. Here we performed the 10X Genomics single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) of mouse cochleae at postnatal days 14 (P14) and 28. We attained the transcriptomes of multiple cell types, including hair cells, supporting cells, spiral ganglia, stria fibrocytes, and immune cells. Our hair cell datasets are consistent with published transcripts from bulk RNA seq and scRNA-seq. We also mapped known deafness genes to corresponding cochlear cell types. Importantly, pseudotime trajectory analysis revealed that inner hair cells peak their maturation at P14 while outer hair cells continue to develop until P28. We further identified and confirmed a long noncoding RNA gene Miat expressed during maturation in cochlear hair cells and spiral ganglia neurons. Our transcriptomes of juvenile and mature mouse cochlear cells provided the sequel to those previously published at late embryonic and early postnatal ages and will be valuable resources to investigate cochlear maturation at single-cell resolution. We characterized the transcriptome profiles of various cochlear cell types in the calcified inner ear of P14 and P28 C57BL/6 mice using the 10x single-cell RNA-sequencing platform.