ISMAIL GASPRINSKY'S "USUL-I SAVTIYYA" METHODOLOGY AND EDUCATIONAL REFORMS IN THE TURKESTAN EDUCATION SYSTEM

This article analyzes the Jadid movement in Turkestan in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, together with the educational reforms of Ismail Gasprinsky. The study examines the distinctive features of the phonetic method ("usul-i savtiyya") created by Gasprinsky in comparison with traditional education, his idea of “Unity in language, thought, and action,” and the influence of the newspaper “Terjuman” on the Jadids of Turkestan (M. Behbudi, M. Abdurashidkhonov, A. Avloni). It further substantiates the enlightenment struggle waged against the empire's assimilation policy, as well as the role and continuity of the Jadid schools in the development of the modern educational system of Uzbekistan.