Infant diarrheal disease in rhesus macaques impedes microbiome maturation is linked to uncultured Campylobacter species - Supplemental Source Data

Diarrheal diseases remain one of the leading causes of death for children under 5 globally, disproportionately impacting those living in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC). Campylobacter spp., a zoonotic pathogen, is one of the leading causes of food-borne infection in humans. Novel Campylobacter spp., yet to be cultured, contribute to the total burden in diarrheal disease in children living in LMIC thus hampering interventions. We performed microbiome profiling and metagenomic genome assembly on samples collected from over 100 infant rhesus macaques longitudinally and during cases of clinical diarrhea within the first year of life. Acute diarrhea was associated with long-lasting taxonomic and functional shifts of the infant gut microbiome indicative of microbiome immaturity. We constructed 36 Campylobacter metagenomic assembled genomes (MAGs), many of which fell within 4 yet to be cultured species. Finally, we compared the uncultured Campylobacter MAGs assembled from infant macaques with publicly available human metagenomes to show that these uncultured species are also found in human fecal samples from LMIC. These data highlight the importance of unculturable Campylobacter spp. as an important target for reducing disease burden in LMIC children.

全球范围内，腹泻病仍为5岁以下儿童死亡的主要原因之一，且对低收入和中等收入国家（LMIC）的居民影响尤为严重。弯曲菌属（Campylobacter spp.），一种人畜共患病原体，是人类食源性疾病的主要病原之一。尚未培养的 novel 弯曲菌属（Campylobacter spp.）对居住在 LMIC 的儿童腹泻病的总体负担有所贡献，从而阻碍了干预措施的实施。我们对超过 100 只婴儿恒河猴的样本进行了纵向和出生后第一年内临床腹泻病例的微生物组分析及宏基因组组装。急性腹泻与婴儿肠道微生物组的长期分类和功能转变相关，这表明微生物组尚未成熟。我们构建了 36 个弯曲菌宏基因组组装基因组（MAGs），其中许多属于尚未培养的 4 个物种。最后，我们将从婴儿恒河猴组装的未培养弯曲菌 MAGs 与公开可用的人类宏基因组进行了比较，以表明这些未培养物种也存在于 LMIC 的人类粪便样本中。这些数据突出了未培养的弯曲菌属（Campylobacter spp.）作为降低 LMIC 儿童疾病负担的重要靶点的重要性。