The important role of Bifidobacterium longum in the development of colorectal cancer

Figure 1. The concentration and time for co-culture system of BL with CRC cells. (A, C, E) Cell viability at 24h and 48h after co-culture for 4h, 8h, and 12h was detected by CCK-8 assay. (B, D, F) After 4h, 8h and 12h of co-culture, the colony formation at different concentrations (1×106-1×1010 CFU/mL) was detected. *P < 0.05.Figure 2. Inhibitory effect of BL on proliferation, migration and invasion of CRC cells. (A-F) CCK-8 and colony formation assays comparing the effects of cell growth between the CTL and BL group in LOVO, SW480, and SW1463. (G-I) Wound-healing and Transwell assays comparing the effects of cell invasion and migration between the CTL and BL group in LOVO, SW480, and SW1463. *P < 0.05.Figure 3. Effect of BL on AOM/DSS CRC mouse model. (A) Schematic representation of AOM/DSS model establishment and the Probiotics administration. (B) Changes in body weight of male BALB/c mice in three different treatment groups. (C) Tumor development, number. (D) Percentage of tumors in each group. (E) Tumor number. (F) Tumor volume. (G) Colon length in three different treatment groups. (H) Spleen weight. (I) Days of diarrhea after drinking DSS for three times. (J) Diarrhea days per group. *P < 0.05.Figure 4. BL altered the gut microbiota dysbiosis in AOM/DSS mice. (A) Venn diagrams of bacterial OTUs. (B) The content of Alistipes in three groups. (C) The content of unidentified_Lachnospirace in three groups. (D) Bar charts at the Genus level of gut microbiota in the three groups (top 10). (E) The heat map of taxa in three groups.Figure 6. Clinical improvement of diarrhea patients after oral administration of BL. (A) Daily stool frequency. (B, C) Daily or weekly Bristol score. (D) Weekly abdominal pain severity. (E) Weekly abdominal pain frequency. (F) weekly bloating frequency. (G) Weekly satisfaction with bowel habits. (H) weekly quality of life.