Report: LAWA: Structure Matrix water types WRRL North Sea — Weser and Elbe. Final Report Part B (2007)»

“Summary: Macrophytes: Ridges, brackish and salt meadows: This report Part B presents the assessment approach of the subcomponent ridges, brackish meadows and salt marshes (Chapter 5.3), which completes the assessment of macrophytes. Two other subcomponents, macroalgae and sea grasses, were included in Part A of the Final Report (JAKLIN et al. 2007) is considered. In addition, an overall assessment of the quality component macrophytes (Chapter 5.4) is carried out in this report. The following parameters are proposed for the assessment of salt marches in the Lower Saxony water bodies according to WFD: • the expansion of the ridges, brackish meadows and salt marshes; zoning, i.e. the area fractions of the vegetation zones pioneer zone, brackish march, lower and upper salt meadow; the balance and diversity of existing vegetation types (according to TMAP); the assessment systems developed for the area and zoning of the salt marshes are based on the reference of the largest proven area expansion or a possible balanced distribution of vegetation zones. Both concepts were calculated and validated using existing data for water bodies of the FGE Elbe, Weser and Ems. The resulting assessment results range from “very good” to “bad” and from “good” to “unsatisfactory” regarding zoning. For the assessment of vegetation types, two methods are proposed and, due to the lack of more comprehensive data for a few areas (Leybucht, Neuwerk, Nigehörn, Scharhörn, a sub-area of Jadebusen and the Hamburg Hallig) for test purposes are implemented. As a reference, a balanced distribution of vegetation types is used. For the parameter “Dominance of vegetation types per zone and total area”, there were assessments from “good” to “unsatisfactory” for the individual areas, the parameter “Evenness” was rated as “very good” to “unsatisfactory”. Furthermore, an evaluation procedure for the presence of characteristic species of brackish and salt marshes is developed, which also takes into account extreme dominances of individual species. According to this assessment, the species composition in the Ley Bay achieves good ecological status. For a sub-area of the transition waters of Weser, the “Unterweser” area, a separate evaluation procedure is developed, which, in addition to the brackish and salt marshes, looks at the biotope types of the forelands and the width of the roasting strip. For a further assessment of the rubbed belt by species and structure, the location type index macrophytes (STIM) of STILLER (2005a) can be used. Both the foreshore area and the width of the Rage Tire are rated as “good” in the Unterweser area, the biotope types of the forelands as “moderate”. Finally, how the measured values and evaluation results are assigned to the EQF (Ecological Quality Ratio) required by the EC-WRRL, and a combination of the individual assessments will be developed and carried out into an overall assessment for roasting, brackish and salt marches. The evaluation component Röhrichte, Bracket and Salt Marches for two water bodies (NEA2-Ems and NEA2-Jade) receive a good overall rating, and two water bodies shall be assessed as moderate (NEA4-Elbe) and/or unsatisfactory (NEA4-Weser). Macrozoobenthos The task of this project was to use the basic ideas of the 3-level model according to Ysebaert et al. (2004) for the assessment of coastal and transitional waters of the North Sea and to the conditions of the estuaries and coastal waters of the North Sea so_CUTABSTRACT_摘要：大型水生植物（macrophytes）：岸脊、咸淡水草甸与盐沼： 本报告B部分阐述了岸脊、咸淡水草甸与盐沼这一子组分的评估方法（第5.3章），完成了大型水生植物的整体评估工作。本报告同时纳入了最终报告A部分（JAKLIN等，2007）中提及的另外两个子组分：大型藻类（macroalgae）与海草（sea grasses）。此外，本报告还对大型水生植物这一质量组分开展了整体评估（第5.4章）。 依据欧盟水框架指令（Water Framework Directive, WFD），本报告针对下萨克森州水体中的盐沼评估提出了以下参数： • 岸脊、咸淡水草甸与盐沼的分布面积； • 分区情况，即先锋带、咸淡水草甸、低阶盐草甸与高阶盐草甸各植被带的面积占比； • 现有植被类型的平衡性与多样性（依据TMAP标准）； 针对盐沼面积与分区构建的评估体系，以已探明的最大分布面积或植被带的理想均衡分布作为参照基准。上述两类评估概念均依托易北河（Elbe）、威悉河（Weser）与埃姆斯河（Ems）流域现有水体数据完成了计算与验证。 由此得到的评估结果：在分区维度上，等级区间为"优秀"至"极差"；在植被类型维度上，等级区间为"良好"至"不合格"。 针对植被类型的评估，本报告提出了两种方法；由于部分区域（莱湾Leybucht、诺伊沃特岛Neuwerk、尼格霍恩岛Nigehörn、沙尔霍恩岛Scharhörn、亚德湾Jadebusen子区域以及汉堡哈利格岛Hamburg Hallig）缺乏更全面的数据，因此仅在测试场景中应用了这两种方法。评估中以植被类型的均衡分布作为参照基准。 针对"各植被带及全域的植被类型优势度"这一参数，各区域的评估结果等级为"良好"至"不合格"；而"均匀度"参数的评估结果等级则为"优秀"至"不合格"。 此外，本报告还构建了咸淡水草甸与盐沼特征物种存在情况的评估流程，该流程同时兼顾单一物种的极端优势现象。依据该评估流程，莱湾（Leybucht）的物种组成达到了良好的生态状态。 针对威悉河过渡水域的子区域——下威悉河（Unterweser）区域，本报告构建了独立的评估流程，该流程除覆盖咸淡水草甸与盐沼外，还涵盖了前滨生境类型与潮间带冲刷带宽度两项内容。若需进一步依据物种与结构对冲刷带开展评估，可采用STILLER（2005a）提出的大型水生植物位置类型指数（STIM）。下威悉河区域的前滨面积与潮间带冲刷带宽度均被评定为"良好"，而前滨生境类型的评定等级为"一般"。 最后，本报告将构建将实测值与评估结果对应至欧盟水政策法规（EC-WRRL）要求的生态质量比（Ecological Quality Ratio）的方法，并整合各单项评估结果，以此完成岸脊、咸淡水草甸与盐沼的整体评估。针对两个水体（NEA2-埃姆斯河与NEA2-亚德湾）的岸脊带、咸淡水草甸与盐沼评估组分，整体评定等级为"良好"；另有两个水体的评定等级为"一般"（NEA4-易北河）及/或"不合格"（NEA4-威悉河）。 大型底栖动物（macrozoobenthos）：本项目的任务是依托YSEBAERT等（2004）提出的三级模型核心思路，针对北海沿岸与过渡水域开展评估，并适配北海河口及近岸水体的实际条件。【原文结尾存在截断标记so_CUTABSTRACT_】