Soils Data for North Dakota Mined Land Reclamation Experiments in the 1970’s Using Soil Respreading

In the early 1970’s, it was determined that the most feasible way to reclaim lands disturbed by coal surface mining in the Northern Great Plains region was through the respreading of salvaged soil. In 1974, scientists at the Northern Great Plains Research Laboratory of the Agricultural Research Service -- U. S. Department of Agriculture (USDA-ARS) initiated two experiments designed to determine the thicknesses of respread soil necessary to restore productivity to difficult-to-reclaim sodic minespoils in central North Dakota (ND). In both experiments, motorscraper and other earthmoving equipment was used to construct wedge-shaped masses of subsoil materials over leveled minespoils and then to cover these with uniform thicknesses of topsoil material. Topsoil consisted of predominately A horizon material from Haplustoll soils, and subsoil consisted of B and C horizon material.
In one experiment near the town of Stanton ND, a subsoil wedge was constructed on leveled minespoil and consisted of 12 long contiguous blocks of material (which were the main plots), three replications of four topsoil thickness treatments. For each replication, three of the main treatment blocks consisted of subsoil material, and one was a 3:1 subsoil – topsoil mix. The topsoil treatments consisted of no topsoil, 20 cm, 60 cm, and no topsoil on the mixed soil block. Each main treatment block was split into four long strips and seeded to crops of alfalfa, crested wheatgrass, spring wheat, and warm-season grass mix. The wedge was 240 m long, 65 m wide, and 2.1 m high at the summit.
In another experiment near the town of Zap ND, a double subsoil wedge was constructed on leveled minespoil and consisted of six long contiguous blocks of material (which were the main plots), two replications on each side of the wedge, for a total of four replications with three subsoil quality treatments. The subsoils varied in soil texture, salinity and sodicity. The wedge was covered with a uniform 20 cm thickness of topsoil. Each main treatment block was split into four long strips and seeded to the same crops as the Stanton site with the exception of warm-season grass mix, which was replaced with Russian wildrye. The double wedge was 124 m long, and about 50 m from each toe to summit for a total width of 102 m and was 2.1 m high at the summit.
Resources in this dataset:

Resource Title: Experimental Details
File Name: Experimental Details.docx
Resource Description: Background information for Stanton and Zap experimental sites, including figures of constructed wedges.

Resource Title: Wedge Data Dictionary
File Name: Wedge Data Dictionary.xlsx
Resource Description: Data dictionary for soil data collected from minespoil experiments near Stanton and Zap, North Dakota, 1976-1981.

Resource Title: Stanton site ionic soil solution data
File Name: Stanton site ionic soil solution data.csv
Resource Description: Data for soil pH, electrical conductivity, exchangeable Ca, Mg, and Na, sodium adsorption ratio, and saturation percentage.

Resource Title: Stanton site soil C, N and P data
File Name: Stanton site soil C, N and P data.csv
Resource Description: Data for soil organic C, total N, ammonium-N, nitrate-N, and extractable P.

Resource Title: Stanton site soil physical data
File Name: Stanton site soil physical data.csv
Resource Description: Data for soil water content at 0.33 and 15 bar.

Resource Title: Zap site ionic soil solution data
File Name: Zap site ionic soil solution data.csv
Resource Description: Data for soil pH, electrical conductivity, exchangeable Ca, Mg, and Na, sodium adsorption ratio, and saturation percentage.

Resource Title: Zap site soil C, N and P data
File Name: Zap site C, N and P data.csv
Resource Description: Data for soil organic C, total N, ammonium-N, nitrate-N, and extractable P.

Resource Title: Zap site soil physical data
File Name: Zap site soil physical data.csv
Resource Description: Data for soil water content at 0.33 and 15 bar, sand, silt, and clay content, and textural class.

Resource Title: Aggregated ionic soil solution data
File Name: Wedge curation aggregated ionic soil solution data.xlsx
Resource Description: Data shared in separate tabs organized by year, location, and metric.

Resource Title: Aggregated soil C, N and P data
File Name: Wedge curation aggregated C, N and P data.xlsx
Resource Description: Data shared in separate tabs organized by year, location, and metric.

Resource Title: Aggregated soil physical data
File Name: Wedge curation aggregated soil physical data.xlsx
Resource Description: Data shared in separate tabs organized by year, location, and metric.

自20世纪70年代初，研究者们确定，在北美大平原地区，对因煤炭露天开采而遭受扰动的土地进行恢复的最可行方法是通过回收土壤的重新铺撒。1974年，美国农业部（USDA-ARS）下属的北美大平原研究实验室的科学家们启动了两项实验，旨在确定重新铺撒土壤的厚度，以恢复北达科他州中部（ND）难以恢复的盐碱矿渣地的生产力。在这两项实验中，均使用了推土机和其它土方设备，在平整的矿渣地上构建楔形土层，并均匀覆盖以表层土壤材料。表层土壤主要由Haplustoll土壤的A层材料组成，而底土则由B层和C层材料组成。在斯塔顿镇附近的一项实验中，构建了一个底土楔形体，由12个连续的长方形材料块（主试验块）组成，每个主试验块进行了四次表层土壤厚度处理的三个重复。在每个重复中，三个主处理块由底土材料组成，一个则是3:1的底土-表层土壤混合。表层土壤处理包括无表层土壤、20厘米、60厘米以及混合土壤块上的无表层土壤。每个主处理块被分割成四个长条，并播种了苜蓿、羊草、春小麦和暖季草混种。该楔形体长240米，宽65米，顶部高度为2.1米。在扎普镇附近进行的另一项实验中，构建了一个双层底土楔形体，由六个连续的长方形材料块（主试验块）组成，楔形体的两侧各进行两个重复，总计四个重复，包括三种底土质量处理。底土在土壤质地、盐分和碱性方面存在差异。楔形体被均匀覆盖了20厘米厚的表层土壤。每个主处理块被分割成四个长条，并播种与斯塔顿站点相同的作物，除了暖季草混种，被俄罗斯野麦所取代。双层楔形体长124米，从每端到顶部的高度约为50米，总宽度为102米，顶部高度为2.1米。本数据集包含以下资源：

资源标题：实验详情
文件名：Experimental Details.docx
资源描述：斯塔顿和扎普实验站点的背景信息，包括构建楔形体的图表。

资源标题：楔形体数据字典
文件名：Wedge Data Dictionary.xlsx
资源描述：来自北达科他州斯塔顿和扎普附近矿渣地实验的土壤数据的数据字典，时间范围为1976-1981。

资源标题：斯塔顿站点离子土壤溶液数据
文件名：Stanton site ionic soil solution data.csv
资源描述：土壤pH值、电导率、可交换的Ca、Mg和Na、钠吸附比和饱和百分比的数据。

资源标题：斯塔顿站点土壤碳、氮和磷数据
文件名：Stanton site soil C, N and P data.csv
资源描述：土壤有机碳、总氮、铵态氮、硝态氮和可提取磷的数据。

资源标题：斯塔顿站点土壤物理数据
文件名：Stanton site soil physical data.csv
资源描述：土壤水分含量在0.33和15巴下的数据。

资源标题：扎普站点离子土壤溶液数据
文件名：Zap site ionic soil solution data.csv
资源描述：土壤pH值、电导率、可交换的Ca、Mg和Na、钠吸附比和饱和百分比的数据。

资源标题：扎普站点土壤碳、氮和磷数据
文件名：Zap site C, N and P data.csv
资源描述：土壤有机碳、总氮、铵态氮、硝态氮和可提取磷的数据。

资源标题：扎普站点土壤物理数据
文件名：Zap site soil physical data.csv
资源描述：土壤水分含量在0.33和15巴下、沙、粉砂和粘土含量以及土壤质地类别的数据。

资源标题：汇总离子土壤溶液数据
文件名：Wedge curation aggregated ionic soil solution data.xlsx
资源描述：按年份、地点和指标分别组织的独立标签页中的共享数据。

资源标题：汇总土壤碳、氮和磷数据
文件名：Wedge curation aggregated C, N and P data.xlsx
资源描述：按年份、地点和指标分别组织的独立标签页中的共享数据。

资源标题：汇总土壤物理数据
文件名：Wedge curation aggregated soil physical data.xlsx
资源描述：按年份、地点和指标分别组织的独立标签页中的共享数据。