Marx as a reference for analysing relationships between science, technology and society?: avoiding mistakes and expanding possibilities in the application of Marxian concepts of surplus value theory in the STS field

Abstract: In contemporary capitalism, in which the productive application of science, techniques and technology has a determinant role, it is necessary to search for reference models that are capable of explaining its subjacent processes, as well as the broader social effects. In this sense, this paper aims at critically analyzing the entitled paper Marx como referencial para análise de relações entre ciência, tecnologia e sociedade, indicating aspects, due to its attempt to appropriate the Marxian concepts of the theory of surplus value for the critical comprehension of STS relations. From a conceptual confusion, basically founded on a deficient distinction among duration, intensity and productivity of labor, the concepts of the absolute and relative surplus diverge from the original Marxian definitions. Because of this and for centralizing its analysis in the reduction of workforce value, the complexity of the capitalist relations and social development due to the scientific and technological changes are put aside.摘要：在科学与技术的生产性应用具有决定性作用的当代资本主义语境下，亟需探寻能够阐释其潜在运行过程与更广泛社会效应的参考范式。有鉴于此，本文旨在批判性评析题为《马克思作为分析科学、技术与社会关系之参照》（原文葡萄牙语：*Marx como referencial para análise de relações entre ciência, tecnologia e sociedade*）的论文，针对其试图借助剩余价值理论的马克思主义概念开展科学、技术与社会（Science, Technology and Society，简称STS）关系的批判性理解的尝试，指出其中存在的相关问题。该评析存在概念混淆的问题，其根源在于未能清晰区分劳动时长、劳动强度与劳动生产率，使得绝对剩余价值与相对剩余价值的概念背离了马克思的原始定义。正因如此，加之该评析将分析重心聚焦于劳动力价值的缩减，进而忽略了资本主义社会关系的复杂性，以及科学技术变革所推动的社会发展进程。