麋鹿与丹顶鹤保护及栖息地恢复技术研究

濒危物种保护及其生境恢复技术研究已成为保护生物学和恢复生态学研究热点之一。麋鹿是我国特有濒危动物之一，由于长期受人类活动干扰与大肆捕猎，导致麋鹿野生种群在19世纪末于原栖息地灭绝。1986年在江苏大丰建立了我国第一个麋鹿国家级自然保护区。目前，麋鹿种群数量已达1317头。江苏盐城珍禽国家级自然保护区是当今世界迁徙丹顶鹤越冬数量最多的集中栖息地。近二十年来，盐城滨海湿地围垦开发等活动导致丹顶鹤栖息地面积急剧减少，生境破碎化加剧，越冬丹顶鹤种群数量呈下降趋势。 自1996年以来，项目组先后依托国家重点科技攻关课题等6项国家和省部级科技项目，编制了麋鹿种群静态生命表，估测其寿命期望值。通过拟合麋鹿种群数量增长模型，用于预测麋鹿种群的消长规律，并确定合理的种群密度和环境承载力。系统研究了麋鹿形态结构、繁殖特点、行为模式和疾病防治技术 在研究麋鹿干扰对植物群落生物量和土壤特征影响的基础上，提出麋鹿栖息地植被恢复技术和措施。对盐城自然保护区丹顶鹤越冬种群数量进行长期的调查监测，研究丹顶鹤对不同生境类型与生境因子的选择喜好。应用3S技术，重点分析保护区生境结构变化规律及其驱动力，提出维持丹顶鹤种群稳定的技术与管理对策。 项目研究成果成功应用于大丰麋鹿自然保护区资源管理和栖息地恢复实践中，在保护区建立试验示范区10hm2，有效扩大了麋鹿种群的栖息地范围，达2666.7hm2，野放回归种群数量达118头。同时也在河南原阳、泰州姜堰等地实现异地分群放养。应用项目研究成果，在丹顶鹤自然保护区核心区周边建立了浅水芦苇湿地300hm2，生态养殖塘200hm2，有效减缓了丹顶鹤越冬种群栖息面积不足的压力，探索出一条湿地自然保护与周边社区经济发展互利共惠的新途径，并为类似的沿海自然保护区提供示范功能。 项目已出版专著4部，发表学术论文29篇，完成博士学位论文1篇，硕士学位论文4篇，研究成果多次在南京国际湿地会议、麋鹿保护论坛等国内外学术会议交流，得到国内外同行的高度评价。

Research on endangered species conservation and habitat restoration technology has become one of the research hotspots in conservation biology and restoration ecology. Père David's deer (Elaphurus davidianus, commonly known as Milu) is one of the endemic endangered species native to China. Due to long-term human disturbances and excessive hunting, its wild population went extinct in its original habitat by the end of the 19th century. In 1986, China's first national nature reserve for Père David's deer was established in Dafeng, Jiangsu Province. As of now, the population of Père David's deer has reached 1317 individuals. Yancheng National Rare Birds Nature Reserve in Jiangsu is currently the world's largest concentrated wintering habitat for migratory red-crowned cranes. Over the past two decades, activities such as reclamation and development of the coastal wetlands in Yancheng have caused a sharp reduction in the habitat area of red-crowned cranes, aggravated habitat fragmentation, and led to a declining trend in the wintering population of red-crowned cranes.
Since 1996, the research team has relied on 6 national and provincial-level scientific and technological projects including national key scientific and technological research programs, to compile a static life table for the Père David's deer population and estimate their life expectancy. By fitting the population growth model of Père David's deer, the team predicted the population dynamics and determined the reasonable population density and habitat carrying capacity. The team also systematically studied the morphological structure, reproductive characteristics, behavioral patterns and disease prevention and control technologies of Père David's deer. Based on the research on the impacts of Père David's deer disturbance on plant community biomass and soil characteristics, the team proposed vegetation restoration technologies and measures for the deer's habitat. The team conducted long-term investigations and monitoring on the wintering population of red-crowned cranes in Yancheng Nature Reserve, and studied the habitat selection preferences of red-crowned cranes for different habitat types and habitat factors. Using 3S technology (Remote Sensing, Geographic Information System, Global Positioning System), the team analyzed the changing patterns of the reserve's habitat structure and its driving forces, and proposed technical and management countermeasures to maintain the stability of the red-crowned crane population.
The research results of this project have been successfully applied to the resource management and habitat restoration practices of Dafeng Père David's Deer Nature Reserve. An experimental demonstration area of 10 hm² was established within the reserve, effectively expanding the habitat area for the Père David's deer population to 2666.7 hm², with the number of reintroduced wild populations reaching 118 individuals. Meanwhile, off-site separate group releases were also carried out in places such as Yuanyang County of Henan Province and Jiangyan District of Taizhou City. Applying the project's research results, 300 hm² of shallow-water reed wetlands and 200 hm² of ecological aquaculture ponds were established around the core area of the red-crowned crane nature reserve, effectively alleviating the pressure of insufficient habitat area for the wintering red-crowned crane population. A new approach of win-win cooperation between wetland nature conservation and economic development of surrounding communities was explored, providing demonstration references for similar coastal nature reserves.
The project has published 4 academic monographs, 29 peer-reviewed academic papers, completed 1 PhD dissertation and 4 master's theses. The research results have been presented at multiple domestic and international academic conferences including the Nanjing International Wetland Conference and the Père David's Deer Conservation Forum, and have been highly appraised by domestic and international peers in the field.

搜集汇总

背景与挑战

背景概述

该数据集总结了麋鹿与丹顶鹤保护及栖息地恢复技术的研究成果，基于多项国家和省部级科技项目，涵盖了麋鹿种群动态预测、疾病防治、栖息地植被恢复，以及丹顶鹤越冬生境监测与保护对策。研究成果已成功应用于江苏大丰和盐城等自然保护区，通过建立示范区和湿地恢复工程，有效扩大了物种栖息地并促进了社区经济发展。数据集包含文本格式的科学数据，发布时间为2019年，完全公开共享，适用于植物学和生态保护领域的研究。