Molecularly imprinted polymers: preparation, characterisation, and application in drug delivery systems

Molecular imprinting technology defines the creation of molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) molecules in which template molecules can place in a key-lock relationship through shape, diameter, and functional groups. Although molecular imprinting technology has been employed in different fields, its applications in drug delivery systems (DDSs) have gained momentum recently. The high loading efficiency, high stability, and controlled drug release are the primary advantages of MIPs. Here, the main components, preparation methods, and characterisation tests of MIPs are summarised, and their applications in DDSs administered by different routes are evaluated in detail. The review offers a perspective on molecular imprinting technology and applications of MIPs in drug delivery by surveying the literature approximately 1998–2021 together with the outlined prospects.分子印迹技术是指制备分子印迹聚合物（MIP）的技术，此类聚合物可通过形状、孔径与官能团使模板分子形成锁钥匹配的对应关系。尽管分子印迹技术已被应用于诸多领域，但近年来其在药物递送系统（DDSs）中的应用势头迅猛。高载药效率、高稳定性与可控释药性能是分子印迹聚合物的核心优势。本文综述了分子印迹聚合物的主要组成、制备方法与表征测试手段，并详细评估了其在不同给药途径药物递送系统中的应用。本综述通过调研1998至2021年的相关文献，对分子印迹技术及其在药物递送领域的应用展开评述，并展望了相关研究前景。