青海省不同地貌类型粉尘释放的风洞模拟实验数据集（2016年）

测量与评估不同地貌类型的粉尘释放对于了解大气中的PM10含量和粉尘来源具有重要意义。通过风洞实验，对不同地表粉尘释放（PM10）的进行测量，其结果表明：PM10排放呈现出很强的时间变化性且主要空气直接抬升。沙丘、风蚀劣地、冲积扇粉尘释放率最高，砂砾石、戈壁沙漠和弃耕地的粉尘释放率最低。粉尘释放主要程取决于土壤表面状况。特别是对于含有可蚀性成分的松散地表，粉尘释放较多。而地表有结皮和砾石覆盖的地表，粉尘释放较少。因此，地表结皮和砾石覆盖对于抑制风尘释放有很大作用。风尘释放不仅与地表状况有关，还受到摩阻风速的影响。PM10的释放率与摩阻风速呈指数函数关系。虽然大量风尘释放与摩擦启动有很大关系，但实验表明，在没有达到启动风速的低风速下，也有部分粉尘能被直接被抬升到空气中，而这一过程也许是干旱半干旱地区粉尘释放的主要形式。因此表面没有土壤结皮的风蚀劣地和冲积扇，很有可能成为青海省沙尘暴的主要来源。

Measuring and evaluating dust emission from different landform types is of great significance for understanding atmospheric PM10 concentrations and dust sources. Through wind tunnel experiments, we measured dust emission (PM10) from various land surfaces, and the results indicate that: PM10 emissions exhibit strong temporal variability and are mainly driven by direct air entrainment. The dust emission rates are the highest for sand dunes, wind-eroded badlands and alluvial fans, and the lowest for gravelly areas, Gobi deserts and abandoned croplands. Dust emission largely depends on soil surface conditions. Specifically, loose surfaces containing erodible components produce relatively high dust emission. In contrast, surfaces covered with crusts and gravel exhibit lower dust emission. Therefore, surface crusts and gravel cover play a critical role in suppressing aeolian dust emission. Aeolian dust emission is not only related to surface conditions but also affected by friction velocity. The PM10 emission rate follows an exponential relationship with friction velocity. Although large-scale aeolian dust emission is closely linked to the threshold friction velocity for entrainment, experiments have shown that even at low wind speeds below the threshold, some dust particles can still be directly lifted into the air. This process may be the primary form of dust emission in arid and semi-arid regions. Consequently, wind-eroded badlands and alluvial fans without surface soil crusts are highly likely to be the main sources of sandstorms in Qinghai Province.