Code for the Decentralized Model-free Loss Minimization in Distribution Grids with the Use of Inverters

Nowadays, distribution grids are undergoing massivepenetration of renewable energy sources (RESs), especiallyrooftop photovoltaic solar panels (PVs) and small wind turbines(WTs), which lead to a greater ratio of fluctuating generation.As a result, the inherited problems of distribution grids, suchas poor voltage profile and high power losses, become evenworse. To operate a grid in the optimal mode, we proposea communication- and model-free algorithm which exploitsthe capabilities of the inverters to control the reactive poweroutput. While inverters are already installed in the system forconnecting PVs, the inclusion of our algorithm in the inverters’software allows minimizing active power losses in the grid. Weset a rigorous mathematical background for the active powerloss minimization problem in distribution systems. Further, weanalytically evaluate the approaches from the previous works.Moreover, the mathematical formulation of the optimum solutionfor power loss minimization is derived, and a communication-freealgorithm is designed. Finally, we demonstrate the performanceof the algorithm on a 141-bus radial system with the randomplacing of the generating units and provide the analysis of thegradual increase of distributed generation and its influence onthe choice of the optimization algorithm.