A global sporadic E dataset derived from FY-3E/GNOS-II BDS radio occultation electron density profiles

This repository provides a FY-3E/GNOS-II sporadic E (Es) dataset derived from BeiDou Navigation Satellite System (BDS) radio occultation electron density profiles acquired between 1 June 2022 and 31 December 2025. The dataset was produced through E-region coverage screening, IRI-2020-based profile quality control, local-background fitting, and application of dual thresholds based on the relative electron density enhancement factor and the net electron density enhancement. The repository contains three NetCDF4 data products. The event-level product contains 36,646 identified Es events, with each record representing the primary qualified Es peak in one FY-3E/GNOS-II electron density profile. The E-region-coverage-screened profile-level product contains 464,868 profiles that passed the 80–150 km coverage requirement. The quality-controlled profile-level product contains 232,438 profiles that additionally passed the latitude-dependent score threshold and were retained for Es detection. These quality-controlled profiles, including 36,646 Es profiles and 195,792 non-Es profiles, constitute the denominator used for occurrence-rate calculations. The event-level product includes event time, Es-peak latitude and longitude, peak height, peak electron density, fitted local-background electron density, IRI-2020 background electron density, relative enhancement factor, net electron density enhancement, layer thickness, and associated profile-quality parameters. The profile-level products contain observation time, representative E-region location, quality score, latitude-dependent score threshold, coverage and quality-control flags, and final Es classification information. Profiles that passed E-region coverage screening but did not pass the score threshold are distinguished from quality-controlled profiles without an identified Es event. The repository also includes a variable dictionary, documentation, processing scripts, and example Python code for reading the NetCDF4 products, inspecting the variables, verifying record counts, calculating basic Es occurrence rates, and producing simple visualizations. The example code is intended to demonstrate use of the data rather than to reproduce the manuscript figures exactly. The dataset supports investigations of the global distribution, seasonal variation, local-time dependence, peak-height distribution, and intensity characteristics of sporadic E layers during the FY-3E/GNOS-II observation period.