The dataset of extreme heat event during the reproductive growing period of rice in China over 1981-2018

Accurate, consecutive, and detailed intelligence on extreme heat event is crucial for optimizing crop management, addressing climate change and ensuring sustainable agricultural development. Here, firstly, we regards the rice crop as a representative example and China as a typical research area. Then, over 470,000 pieces of massive observations were collected, involving rice heading date, maturity date, and the daily maximum temperature from 1981 to 2018 of 34 agro-meteorological stations in China. Finally, a long-term, high-precision, and large-scale dataset of extreme heat frequency, intensity, duration and accumulated intensity during the reproductive growing period of rice was innovatively produced, consisting of a total of 6,688 records. This work offers valuable data support for deeply understanding the effect of extreme heat and effectively formulating climate adaptation policies.