Party Representation of Social Groups (PaReSoGo)

<p>Parliament is a core institution to the political power structure. Parties and parliamentarians are responsible for expressing and translating the interests of "the people" in the legislature. Social groups with limited party representation in parliament are politically unequal to social groups with greater representation. Yet, scholars lack information to address research questions about how well social groups are represented in parliament across nations and time.</p> <p>The dataset “Party Representation of Social Groups” (PaReSoGo) contains a replicable and straightforward measure of the party representation of social groups per country and year from high-quality publicly available survey and administrative data. For survey data, we use the European Social Survey (ESS) 2002 - 2016 that contains items on sociodemographics, social attitudes, and retrospective vote choice, i.e. the party that the respondents said they voted for in the last general election. We aggregate the ESS items to the country and year level and match that distribution with the ParlGov data on the percentage of parliamentarians in each party in parliament per country and year. Our country-year measure is based on the idea of issue congruence measures that match distributions. In our data, this match is made via the Dissimilarity Index (DI). Here, the DI is a measure of distance in party representation between gender, age, education, intersectional, and attitudinal groups’ retrospective party vote choices and the distribution of parliamentarians in parties. </p> <p>This archived version of PaReSoGo contains 150 "straightforward" country years, which cover eight ESS rounds (2002-2016) and 95 national elections (1999-2016) across 25 countries: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Israel, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovak Republic, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, and the United Kingdom. We also archive 51 country years which we consider “complicated”, marked accordingly, including countries with complex electoral systems, when the survey data available and the final seat distribution in parliament cannot be directly compared, or in case of survey fieldwork problems.</p> <p>For each country-year, we calculated the DI for all ESS respondents and selected social groups, including gender, age, education, intersections of gender and age, and attitudinal groups. Additionally, we calculated an election-to-fieldwork time distance and provided information on a card being shown in the ESS.</p> <p>The archived data package consists of a summary table in .xls and .csv formats, the codebook, .xls files with raw calculations for each of the 150 "straightforward" country-years and accompanying .do files with the Stata code. We also include the summary table (.xls and .csv), DI calculations (.xls) and the code (.do) for the 51 “complicated” country-years. The codebook contains the data basics, the description of the methodology and of all variables, and detailed notes on DI calculations for every country, including an explanation of the complicated merges of the ESS and the ParlGov lists and the details on the electoral system in the country.</p> <p>Suggested citation:</p> <p>Zelinska, Olga and Joshua K. Dubrow. 2021. <em>Party Representation of Social Groups (PaReSoGo)</em> v.1.0. Institute of Philosophy and Sociology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, funded by National Science Centre, Poland 2016/23/B/HS6/03916. Polish Social Data Archive.</p> <p>(2021)</p>议会是政治权力结构的核心制度载体。政党与议员肩负着在立法机构中表达并转化“民众”利益的职责。在议会中政党代表权有限的社会群体，与拥有更高代表权的社会群体在政治上并不平等。然而，当前学者缺乏相关数据，以解答关于不同国家与时段内社会群体在议会中的代表程度这一研究议题。 社会群体政党代表度数据集（Party Representation of Social Groups，简称PaReSoGo）包含一套可复现且简洁易用的测度方法，用于衡量各国历年社会群体的政党代表程度，数据源自高质量公开可得的调查与行政资料。在调查数据方面，本研究使用2002-2016年的欧洲社会调查（European Social Survey，简称ESS），该调查包含社会人口统计学、社会态度以及回顾性投票选择相关条目，即受访者自述在上一次大选投票支持的政党。我们将ESS的条目汇总至国家-年份层面，并将该分布与ParlGov数据进行匹配，后者包含各国历年议会中各政党的议员占比。本研究的国家-年份测度基于匹配分布的议题契合度测度思路，在本数据集中，该匹配通过相异指数（Dissimilarity Index，简称DI）完成。此处的DI用于衡量性别、年龄、教育程度、交叉分类群体以及态度群体的回顾性政党投票选择，与议会中各政党议员分布之间的政党代表度差距。 本PaReSoGo存档版本包含150个“简易型”国家-年份样本，覆盖25个国家的8轮ESS调查（2002-2016年）与95次全国大选（1999-2016年），涉及国家包括奥地利、比利时、保加利亚、克罗地亚、塞浦路斯、捷克共和国、丹麦、爱沙尼亚、芬兰、希腊、冰岛、爱尔兰、以色列、卢森堡、荷兰、挪威、波兰、葡萄牙、斯洛伐克共和国、斯洛文尼亚、西班牙、瑞典、瑞士、土耳其以及英国。本存档同时包含51个“复杂型”国家-年份样本，已作相应标注，此类样本涉及选举制度复杂的国家、可用调查数据与议会最终席位分布无法直接匹配的情况，或存在调查实地执行问题的案例。 针对每个国家-年份样本，我们为所有ESS受访者以及选定的社会群体计算了DI值，这些群体包括性别、年龄、教育程度、性别-年龄交叉分类群体以及态度群体。此外，我们还计算了选举与调查实地执行之间的时间距离，并提供了ESS调查中是否展示提示卡片的相关信息。 本存档数据包包含.xls与.csv格式的汇总表、代码手册，以及对应150个“简易型”国家-年份样本的原始计算结果.xls文件与配套的Stata代码.do文件。同时，本数据包也包含51个“复杂型”国家-年份样本的汇总表（.xls与.csv格式）、DI计算结果（.xls格式）与代码（.do格式）。代码手册涵盖数据基础信息、研究方法与所有变量的说明，以及针对每个国家的DI计算详细注释，包括ESS与ParlGov列表的复杂匹配流程说明，以及对应国家选举制度的细节信息。 推荐引用格式： 泽林斯卡，奥尔加和约书亚·K. 杜布罗。2021年。《社会群体政党代表度（PaReSoGo）》v.1.0。波兰科学院哲学与社会学研究所，由波兰国家科学中心项目2016/23/B/HS6/03916资助。波兰社会数据档案馆。（2021）