Environmental and Economic Comparative Analysis of Green Roofs: The Case of Singapore and Bahrain

Green roof integration in buildings reduces energy consumption, which mitigates climate change and the Urban Heat Island (UHI) effect. The significant case of green roof adoption in Singapore can potentially be reflected in Bahrain, considering both countries are Small Island Developing States (SIDS), with high urbanization rates and land scarcity. This paper investigates environmental and economic benefits and drawbacks affected by the climatic and contextual conditions comparing the hot and arid climate in Bahrain with the tropical climate in Singapore. Based on the SWOT (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats) analysis results, conclusions, and recommendations are listed to maximize the environmental benefits of green roofs and reduce the economic costs related to installation, maintenance, and water consumption. Solutions may include the application of financial incentives and using treated wastewater.