Effects of selection in the gametophyte stage, the sporophyte stage, and in both stages on the steady-state gametic and zygotic LDs and other high-order covariances*

*Three selection schemes are: wAB = 1,wAb = 0.98, waB = 0.98, and wab = 0.96 for gametic selection only; wAABB = 1, wAABb = wAaBB = 0.98, wAAbb = wAaBb = waaBB = 0.96, wAabb = waaBb = 0.94, and waabb = 0.92 for zygotic selection only; and wAB = 1,wAb = 0.98, waB = 0.98, wab = 0.96, wAABB = 1, wAABb = wAaBB = 0.98, wAAbb = wAaBb = waaBB = 0.96, wAabb = waaBb = 0.94, and waabb = 0.92 for both gametic and zygotic selection. Other parameter settings are the recombination rate = 5%, the immigration rate of pollen mP = 0.08 and seeds mS = 0.04, and the effective population size = 50. The genotypic frequencies in the continent and initial island populations are 0.1225 for AABB, 0.105 for AABb, 0.0225 for AAbb, 0.105 for AaBB, 0.245 for AB/ab, 0.045 for ab/aB, 0.105 for Aabb, 0.0225 for aaBB, 0.105 for aaBb, and 0.1225 for aabb. The steady-state results (mean ± Sd) are obtained from 10000 independent simulation runs.