Study results.

Objective
The frozen lesion formation created by cryoballoon ablation, especially with non-occluded applications, has not been fully evaluated. This study aimed to validate the lesion size under different cryoballoon ablation settings: application duration, push-up technique, and laminar flow.
Methods
The frozen lesion size was evaluated immediately after ending the freezing with three different application durations (120, 150, and 180 seconds) in porcine hearts (N = 24). During the application, the push-up technique was applied at 10, 20, and 30 seconds after starting the freezing with or without laminar flow.
Results
The lesion size was significantly correlated with the nadir balloon temperature (P<0.001). The lesion volume became significantly larger after 150 seconds than 120 seconds (1272mm3 versus 1709mm3, P = 0.004), but not after 150 seconds (versus 1876mm3 at 180 seconds, P = 0.29) with a comparable nadir balloon temperature. Furthermore, the lesion volume became significantly larger with the push-up technique with the largest lesion size with a 20-second push-up after the freezing (1193mm3 without the push-up technique versus 1585mm3 with a push-up at 10 seconds versus 1808mm3 with a push-up at 20 seconds versus 1714mm3 with a push-up at 30 seconds, P = 0.04). Further, the absence of laminar flow was not associated with larger lesion size despite a significantly lower nadir balloon temperature.
Conclusion
The frozen lesion size created by cryoballoon ablation became larger with longer applications at least 150 seconds and with a push-up technique especially at 20 seconds after the freezing.