Updated and annotated checklist of recent mammals from Brazil

Abstract An updated and annotated checklist of mammals occurring in Brazil is presented. A total of 751 native species, distributed in 249 genera, 51 families and 11 orders were recorded to the country. The Brazilian mammalian fauna shows an elevated rate of endemism (30%; 223 species). Among the species evaluated by IUCN (668 species; 90%), a total of 80 (10.6% of total mammalian fauna) are Threatened, 28 (3.9%) are considered as Near Threatened, two species (0.3%) are presumable Extinct, 96 (12.8%) are considered with Deficient Data for conservation and 462 (61.6%) are considered as Least Concern. Fifteen new species were described since the last national compilation (published in 2017), which associated to new records to the country and synonimizations resulted in an increment of 30 species. Eight non-native species were introduced to the country, including the recently established Asiatic cervids Rusa unicolor (sambar) and Axis axis (chital). Seven native species (five primates and two hystricomorph rodents) have been translocated from their areas of natural occurrence to other areas inside the country.摘要：本文提供了一份经更新并附注释的巴西境内野生哺乳动物名录。本次统计共收录该国分布的本土哺乳动物751种，隶属于11目、51科、249属。巴西哺乳动物区系的特有率较高，达30%（共计223种）。在经国际自然保护联盟（IUCN）评估的668个物种（占总物种数的90%）中，80种（占哺乳动物总区系的10.6%）处于受威胁状态，28种（3.9%）被列为近危，2种（0.3%）被推测为已灭绝，96种（12.8%）被认定为数据缺乏，462种（61.6%）被评为无危。自上一次全国性哺乳动物汇编（2017年发布）以来，学界共计描述了15个新物种；结合国内新分布记录的报道及同物异名修订，本次名录较此前新增了30个物种。另有8种非本土物种被引入巴西，其中包括新近定殖的亚洲鹿类：水鹿（*Rusa unicolor*，Sambar）与白斑鹿（*Axis axis*，Chital）。另有7种本土物种（5种灵长类与2种豪猪型啮齿类）被从其自然分布范围迁移至巴西境内其他区域。