Biological Age Acceleration and Colonic Polyps in Persons Under Age 50

Epigenetic clocks can quantify DNA methylation by measuring the methylation levels at specific sites in the genome, which correlate with biological age (BA). Accelerated aging, where BA exceeds chronological age (CA), has been studied in relation to cancer development, but its utility in cancer prevention remains unclear. Accelerated aging holds promise as a tool to explain the rise in early onset colorectal cancer (EOCRC). We investigate the association of accelerated aging and the presence of pre-neoplastic polyps (PNP) in the colon, defined as tubular adenomas and sessile serrated adenomas. In this study of persons under age 50 undergoing colonoscopy, we used peripheral blood samples to determine BA and age acceleration metrics. Age acceleration was determined by interrogating DNA methylation (DNAm) at specific CpG sites across the genome, which has been shown to correlate with age. We then conducted logistic regression analyses to evaluate the association between age acceleration and PNPs. In total, 51 patient samples were evaluated. We found that that the odds of harboring a PNP are 17% higher with 1 year of accelerated aging, as measured by GrimAge. However, the strongest risk factor for PNPs remained male sex. This represents one of the first studies to explore accelerated aging and PNP in patients under the age of 50. A risk-stratified approach to EOCRC screening would minimize unnecessary colonoscopies and minimize healthcare burden while addressing the rise in EOCRC. Our findings suggest that BA calculations with peripheral blood collections could be an important component of such a risk model. Our study aims to better understand the potential role that biological age plays in explaining the rise in early onset colorectal cancers. We analyzed DNA methylation at CpG sites in the buffy coat of 51 patients using Illumina Infinium MethylationEPIC Bead Chip array. This information was then inputed into biological clock models and compared with same-day colonoscopy findings to evaluate the assocition between pre-neoplastic polyps and age acceleration.