Tokyo 2020 Olympics Dataset

### Context

The Olympic games are not just sport events, but some social and economic factors have effects on every nation's performance. In order to measure performance, the first step is collecting data. There is a comprehensive dataset by @heesoo37 which covers Olympic games from 1896 to 2016. I tried in vain to find a similar dataset for 2020 Summer Olympics. Therefore, I decided to make one from the data available on official Olympics website www.olympics.com. `rvest`, `jasonlite` and `tidyverse` packages of R language were used to web scrape the desired data.

### Content

This dataset consists of every event in which an athlete participated together with age, nationality, ranks and medals. There two clear differences between current dataset and similar ones. First, in addition to medals, ranks are also included for every event an athlete took part. Second, each event is labeled in a way one can easily confer whether it is team or individual event. I will explain my incentive for doing this way in a separate notebook, however, in a nutshell, measuring performance just by counting medals and treating each team medal as an individual medal is not an accurate way. So, defining a new Key Performance Index is necessary.
Although the data offered by www.olympics.com is not perfect, this website is the most comprehensive reference for 2020 Summer Olympics. www.olympedia.com is another good resource for historical data collection of past Olympic games which is maintained by a number Olympics historians and statisticians. In the process of establishing the current dataset, the main reference was www.olympics.com. In some cases there were dubious entries which was corrected or omitted after verifying them by referring to www.olympedia.com and www.wikipedia.com.

### Inspiration

This dataset can be utilised to understand which countries performed better in 2020 Summer Olympics and what factors affected their success.

奥林匹克运动会不仅是一项体育赛事，而且社会经济因素对每个国家的表现亦产生显著影响。为了衡量这一表现，首要任务是收集数据。@heesoo37 编制的综合性数据集涵盖了自1896年至2016年的所有奥林匹克运动会。尽管我竭力寻找涵盖2020年夏季奥林匹克运动会的相似数据集，但终未果。因此，我决定利用奥林匹克官方网站www.olympics.com上可获取的数据自行构建一个数据集。在数据抓取过程中，我运用了R语言的`rvest`、`jasonlite`和`tidyverse`包。