考虑居家养老需求异质性的北京市服务设施可达性研究关联数据

人口老龄化是影响社会经济可持续发展的重大问题，针对中国“未富先老”国情，全面提升居家养老服务水平是满足老年人多层次养老需求的必由之路。根据养老服务设施的公共或准公共特征，本文从需求与供给两方面，构建了兼顾公平和效率、以可达性为核心、基于老年人需求异质性的研究框架。综合考虑日常用餐、文体活动、医疗卫生、日间照料等居家养老服务，依据2021—2023年对北京市545位60岁及以上老年人的访谈与问卷调研，结合1km人口格网、常住人口及各年龄段人口比例、养老服务设施POI等数据，利用SPSS统计分析、两步移动搜索法、Dagum基尼系数与双变量空间自相关等方法，分析老年人的异质性需求，评价不同居家养老服务设施的可达性，探讨综合可达性的空间公平与效率。数据集包括北京市县级老龄人口属性占比及分年龄段人口数据集（2020年）、北京市街道级老龄人口及老龄化率数据集（2020年）、北京市居家养老服务设施POI数据集（2022年）。

Population aging is a critical issue affecting the sustainable socioeconomic development of society. In light of China's national condition of 'aging before affluence', comprehensively improving the level of home-based elderly care services is an inevitable path to meet the multi-level elderly care needs of the elderly. Based on the public or quasi-public attributes of elderly care service facilities, this paper constructs a research framework that balances fairness and efficiency, takes accessibility as the core, and is rooted in the heterogeneity of elderly demands from both the demand and supply sides. Taking into account home-based elderly care services including daily dining, cultural and sports activities, medical and healthcare, and day care, this study combines interview and questionnaire survey data of 545 elderly individuals aged 60 and above conducted in Beijing between 2021 and 2023, as well as datasets such as 1km population grids, permanent resident population and age-specific population proportions, and POI data of elderly care service facilities. Utilizing methods including SPSS statistical analysis, two-step floating catchment area method, Dagum Gini coefficient, and bivariate spatial autocorrelation, this paper analyzes the heterogeneous needs of the elderly, evaluates the accessibility of various home-based elderly care service facilities, and explores the spatial fairness and efficiency of comprehensive accessibility. The dataset includes three parts: 1) Beijing county-level aging population attribute proportion and age-segmented population dataset (2020); 2) Beijing subdistrict-level aging population and aging rate dataset (2020); 3) Beijing home-based elderly care service facilities POI dataset (2022).

搜集汇总

背景与挑战

背景概述

该数据集是围绕北京市居家养老服务设施可达性研究的关联数据，聚焦于老年人需求的异质性分析。数据集包含2020年县级和街道级老龄人口统计数据以及2022年服务设施POI数据，基于对545位老年人的调研，采用两步移动搜索法等方法评估设施可达性的空间公平与效率。