Late Holocene Hongshui River Basin Natural and Human Activity Proxy Indicator Dataset

The formation and evolution of rivers are closely related to the regional environment and human activities. The Hongshui River is located in the middle reaches of the Shiyang River Basin, which is an important area for the study of environmental changes and paleocultural evolution in Northwest China. The authors integrated multi-source data on the Late Holocene natural environmental evolution and human activities in the Hongshui River Basin. The contents include: (1) proxy indicator data of five stratigraphic profiles (HSH01~HSH05) in the lower Hongshui River; (2) proxy indicator records that have documented the environmental evolution of the Hongshui River basin since the Late Holocene. Natural indicators include reconstructed temperature and precipitation data, and proxy indicator data of typical profiles in the Shiyang River Basin; human activity indicators include data on the distribution of ancient cities and Great Wall sites in the Hongshui River Basin recorded in historical documents, data on the changes in the water resource utilisation rate and cropland area in the Shiyang River Basin, as well as data on the changes in the population and ancient cities in the Hexi Corridor; (3) Late Holocene climate simulation data (precipitation and effective humidity) reconstructed on the basis of TraCE-21ka model data (precipitation and effective humidity). The dataset is stored in .shp, .xlsx and .nc formats, with a data volume of 1.94 GB (compressed to 1.12 GB for 1 file).