These metabolome samples were from peanut leaves.

The yield and quality of peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.), which is a dominant oil crop widely planted, are often limited by drought stress (DS) and nitrogen (N) deficiency. To investigate the molecular mechanism of peanut counteracting N deficiency and drought, transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses of peanut leaves were executed in this study and the results demonstrated that N defi-ciency and DS significantly inhibit peanut growth and pod yield. Herein, 3867 known differentially accumulated metabolites (DAMs), 324 differentially expressed transcription factors (TFs), and 7137 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were recognized in peanut leaves under different nitrogen and water conditions. Metabolomic analysis showed that metabolic accumulation in these pathways was significantly dependent on the stress conditions. Additionally, the role of metabolites and genes in pathways such as biosynthesis of AAs and phenylpropanoid biosynthesis under different stress conditions were discussed. The results demonstrated that different genes, metabolic pathways, metabolites were related to N deficiency and drought. The study provides metabolic pathways and functional genes that can be used for improvement of peanut resistance to abiotic stress.花生（Arachis hypogaea L.）是广泛种植的优势油料作物，其产量与品质常受干旱胁迫（drought stress, DS）与氮素（nitrogen, N）匮乏的制约。本研究为解析花生抵御氮匮乏与干旱的分子机制，对不同氮素与水分条件下的花生叶片开展了转录组与代谢组联合分析。结果表明，氮匮乏与干旱胁迫会显著抑制花生生长与荚果产量。本研究共在上述样本中鉴定出3867个已知差异积累代谢物（differentially accumulated metabolites, DAMs）、324个差异表达转录因子（differentially expressed transcription factors, TFs）以及7137个差异表达基因（differentially expressed genes, DEGs）。代谢组分析显示，相关通路的代谢积累模式显著依赖于胁迫类型。此外，本研究还探讨了氨基酸生物合成、苯丙烷生物合成等通路中的代谢物与基因在不同胁迫条件下的调控功能。结果证实，不同基因、代谢通路与代谢物均与氮匮乏及干旱胁迫密切相关。本研究筛选得到可用于改良花生非生物胁迫（abiotic stress）抗性的代谢通路与功能基因，为花生抗逆遗传改良提供了重要的理论依据与候选靶点。