Brazilian underdevelopment according to Celso Furtado: a “radiograph” of the income distribution structure in the country

Abstract Brazilian underdevelopment, as qualified by Celso Furtado, shows a notably distributive nature derived from the close relationship between external cultural dependence and the internal exploitation of workers. Despite the fact that this diagnosis dates back decades, nuances of the distributive structure in recent times highlight the current relevance of this interpretation, in such a way that the analysis of information mapped in a comprehensive “radiograph” of Brazilian income distribution was the objective of this work. It aimed at answering if what has happened, since Celso Furtado's last study, would have changed the most fundamental conditions described by him. In general, the information analyzed here, according to Furtado, suggested the persistence of Brazilian underdevelopment, as assessed based on the structural socio-economic asymmetries of which it is still composed.摘要：正如塞尔索·富尔塔多（Celso Furtado）所阐释的巴西欠发展问题，其呈现出显著的分配性特征，该特征源于对外文化依附与国内劳工剥削之间的紧密关联。尽管该诊断距今已有数十载，但近年来巴西分配结构的新变化凸显了这一阐释的当代价值，因此本研究的目标便是对全面呈现巴西收入分配状况的全景式「放射图谱」所涵盖的信息展开分析。本研究旨在探究：自塞尔索·富尔塔多的最后一项研究以来，所发生的种种变化是否已改变了他所描述的最核心的结构性条件。总体而言，依据富尔塔多的分析框架，本研究所分析的信息表明，巴西欠发展问题依然存在，这一判断基于其至今仍存续的结构性社会经济不对称性。