Supplementary Material for: Treatment of Organic Livestock with Medicinal Plants: A Systematic Review of European Ethnoveterinary Research

<b><i>Background:</i></b> The EC Regulation for Organic Farming states that organic livestock should be treated preferably with phytotherapeutic products. In spite of the high importance of organic livestock in Europe, primarily ruminants, today almost no phytotherapeutic product is registered for livestock. Also, information regarding veterinary phytotherapy is rare. The aim of this paper is to find approaches to cope with health problems of organic ruminants in Europe on the basis of findings from the European ethnoveterinary medicine (EuEVM). <b><i>Methods:</i></b> A systematic review of ethno-biomedicinal papers was conducted with the aid of the Scopus database, and 75 papers, from European countries were analyzed regarding ethnoveterinary information. <b><i>Results:</i></b> A total of 590 plant species referring to 102 different plant families are reported to be used for animal treatment, with <i>Asteraceae</i>, <i>Fabaceae</i> and <i>Lamiaceae</i> being the most important families. The traditional use of some plant species (e.g. mallow, chamomile, wormwood) corresponds with findings from recent scientific literature. The large number of less studied plant species, such as white lupin as an antiparasitic herb, and <i>Helleborus</i> spp. as potential immunostimulatory agent, opens an interesting field for future research. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> In general, EuEVM provides interesting treatment approaches for gastrointestinal and dermatological disorders as well as parasitosis. Findings regarding disorders of female genital or respiratory tract are less consistent. Nevertheless, EuEVM offers a solid basis for stimulating research in veterinary phytotherapy in Europe with a perspective to solve animal health problems in organic or even nonorganic ruminant production.<b><i>背景：</i></b> 《欧盟有机农业法规》规定，有机牲畜应优先采用植物疗法产品进行治疗。尽管欧洲的有机牲畜以反刍动物为主且具有极高的重要性，但目前几乎没有针对牲畜的植物疗法产品获得注册，且兽医植物疗法的相关信息也极为匮乏。本研究旨在基于欧洲民族兽医学（European ethnoveterinary medicine, EuEVM）的研究成果，探寻解决欧洲地区有机反刍动物健康问题的可行路径。<b><i>方法：</i></b> 借助斯高帕斯（Scopus）数据库开展民族生物医学文献的系统综述，对来自欧洲国家的75篇涉及民族兽医学信息的文献进行分析。<b><i>结果：</i></b> 共计报告了隶属于102个不同植物科的590种植物被用于动物治疗，其中菊科（Asteraceae）、豆科（Fabaceae）和唇形科（Lamiaceae）为最主要的植物科。部分植物物种（如锦葵、洋甘菊、苦艾）的传统使用方式与近期科学文献的研究结果相符。大量尚未得到充分研究的植物物种——例如作为抗寄生虫草药的白羽扇豆，以及可作为潜在免疫刺激剂的嚏根草属（Helleborus）物种——为未来的研究开辟了极具价值的方向。<b><i>结论：</i></b> 总体而言，欧洲民族兽医学为胃肠道疾病、皮肤疾病以及寄生虫病提供了颇具潜力的治疗方案。针对雌性生殖系统或呼吸道疾病的研究结果则一致性较弱。尽管如此，欧洲民族兽医学仍为欧洲兽医植物疗法领域的研究提供了坚实基础，有望为解决有机乃至非有机反刍动物养殖中的牲畜健康问题提供解决方案。