ESS11

The European Social Survey (ESS) is an academically driven, cross-national survey, founded in 2001. It has been administered in 40 countries to date. The survey measures the attitudes, beliefs and behaviour patterns of diverse populations in more than thirty nations. The main aims of the ESS are to: • operate a Research Infrastructure providing high quality data measuring change (and stability) over time within and between European countries in their living conditions, social structure, public opinion and attitudes; • practise and promote the highest scientific standards in cross-national comparative research in the social sciences; • continue the development of ESS infrastructure through ongoing methodological research and innovation; • facilitate training in the effective use of ESS data; • ensure the visibility, accessibility and reach of ESS data among researchers in the social sciences and beyond, policy makers and the wider public, at both the national and international levels. The survey involves strict random probability sampling, aims for a high response rate and uses rigorous translation protocols. The 11th ESS round covers 31 countries. ESS data collection is based on an hour-long face-to-face interview. The survey includes questions on a variety of core topics repeated from previous rounds of the survey and two modules developed for Round 11. These are “Gender in Contemporary Europe: Rethinking Equality and the Backlash” and “Social Inequalities in Health and their Determinants”. The latter is a partial repeat of a module from Round 7. From Round 7 the ESS has been legally established as a European Research Infrastructure Consortium (ERIC). Central costs are funded through ESS ERIC membership fees (Members, Observers and Guests), while costs of fieldwork and national coordination are funded nationally.欧洲社会调查（European Social Survey, ESS）是一项由学术主导的跨国调查项目，于2001年正式创立。截至当前，该调查已在40个国家落地实施，旨在衡量三十余个国家内多样化人口群体的态度、信念与行为模式。 欧洲社会调查的主要宗旨如下： • 搭建研究基础设施，提供高质量数据，用以衡量欧洲各国国内及各国间在生活条件、社会结构、公共舆论与态度层面的长期变化（及稳定性）； • 在社会科学的跨国比较研究领域，践行并推广最高标准的科学规范； • 通过持续的方法论研究与创新，持续完善欧洲社会调查的基础设施； • 为社会科学研究者高效使用ESS数据提供培训支持； • 确保ESS数据在国内外社会科学研究者、政策制定者及更广泛公众群体中具备可见性、可获取性与传播覆盖面。 该调查采用严格的随机概率抽样方法，致力于实现较高的应答率，并使用严谨的翻译流程规范。 欧洲社会调查第11轮调查覆盖31个国家。 ESS的数据采集依托时长为一小时的面对面访谈完成。本次调查包含两类问题：一类是过往各轮调查中重复出现的多项核心议题，另一类是为第11轮专门开发的两个模块，分别为《当代欧洲的性别议题：重新审视平等与反弹效应》（Gender in Contemporary Europe: Rethinking Equality and the Backlash）与《健康领域的社会不平等及其决定因素》（Social Inequalities in Health and their Determinants）。其中后者是对第7轮某模块的部分复刻。 自第7轮起，ESS已正式成为欧洲研究基础设施联合会（European Research Infrastructure Consortium, ERIC）。其核心运营成本由ESS ERIC的会员费（涵盖正式会员、观察员与特邀嘉宾）承担，而实地调研与国内协调的相关成本则由各国自行筹措。