2x p-5Y-RET:GDNF:GFRA complexes:p-Y349,Y350,Y427-SHC1 binds GRB2-1:SOS1
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RET has been shown to bind GRB2 indirectly via SHC (Ohiwa et al. 1997). GRB2 is found in a complex with SOS1 in unstimulated cells (Hayashi et al. 2000).<br><br>GDNF stimulation of neuronal cells induces the assembly of a large protein complex containing RET, GRB2 and tyrosine-phosphorylated SHC, p85 subunit of (PI3K), GAB2 (GAB1 in Hayashi et al. 2000) and Tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 11 (PTPN11, SHP-2) (Besset et al. 2000). This suggests that at least two distinct RET-SHC protein complexes can assemble via phosphorylated Tyrosine (Y) 1062, one involving GRB2:SOS1 leads to activation of the Ras/Erk pathway, another involving GRB1/2, GAB2 and PI3K leads to the PI3K/Akt pathway. This latter complex can also assemble directly onto phosphorylated Y1096 (Besset et al. 2000). <br><br>RET can activate the RAS-RAF-ERK signaling pathway (van Weering et al. 1995, Ohiwa et al. 1997, van Weering & Bos 1997, Trupp et al. 1999, Hayashi et al. 2000). RAS signaling is markedly impaired by mutations of RET Y1062 (Hayashi et al. 2000). RET RAS signaling and the effect of the Y1062 mutation are believed to be mediated by RET complexes involving GRB2:SOS, well known as mediators of signaling to RAS in other receptor systems (Ravichandran 2001).
RET已被证实通过SHC(Ohiwa等人,1997年)间接结合GRB2。在未受刺激的细胞中,GRB2与SOS1存在于一个复合物中(Hayashi等人,2000年)。<br><br>神经细胞在GDNF的刺激下,诱导形成包含RET、GRB2和酪氨酸磷酸化SHC、PI3K的p85亚基、GAB2(在Hayashi等人,2000年中的GAB1)以及酪氨酸蛋白磷酸酶非受体型11(PTPN11,SHP-2)的大型蛋白质复合物(Besset等人,2000年)。此现象表明,至少存在两种不同的RET-SHC蛋白质复合物可以通过磷酸化的酪氨酸Y1062组装,一种涉及GRB2:SOS1,导致Ras/Erk通路的激活,另一种涉及GRB1/2、GAB2和PI3K,导致PI3K/Akt通路的激活。后者复合物也可以直接在磷酸化的Y1096上组装(Besset等人,2000年)。<br><br>RET可以激活RAS-RAF-ERK信号通路(van Weering等人,1995年,Ohiwa等人,1997年,van Weering和Bos,1997年,Trupp等人,1999年,Hayashi等人,2000年)。RAS信号通路在RET的Y1062突变下显著受损(Hayashi等人,2000年)。RET的RAS信号通路及其Y1062突变的影响被认为是由涉及GRB2:SOS的RET复合物介导的,这些复合物作为RAS信号通路的介质在其它受体系统中亦为人所熟知(Ravichandran,2001年)。
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