WorldClim - Global Climate Data, Version 1.4 (Release 3)|气候数据数据集|生态建模数据集

WorldClim is a set of global climate layers (climate grids) with a spatial resolution of about 30 arc-second (1 square kilometer). The data layers were generated through interpolation of average monthly climate data from weather stations. Variables included are monthly total precipitation, and monthly mean, minimum and maximum temperature, and 19 derived bioclimatic variables. Bioclimatic variables are biologically meaningful variables that are often used in ecological niche modeling (e.g., BIOCLIM, GARP). The bioclimatic variables represent annual trends (e.g., mean annual temperature, annual precipitation) seasonality (e.g., annual range in temperature and precipitation) and extreme or limiting environmental factors (e.g., temperature of the coldest and warmest month, and precipitation of the wet and dry quarters). The WorldClim interpolated climate layers were made using: (1) major climate databases compiled by the Global Historical Climatology Network (GHCN), the FAO, the WMO, the International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT), R-HYdronet, and a number of additional minor databases for Australia, New Zealand, the Nordic European Countries, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, among others. Where possible, input data were restricted to records from the 1950–2000 period. After removing stations with errors, the database consisted of precipitation records from 47,554 locations, mean temperature from 24,542 locations, and minimum and maximum temperature for 14,835 locations; (2) The SRTM elevation database (aggregeated to 30 arc-seconds, 1 km); and (3) The ANUSPLIN software for interpolating noisy multi-variate data using thin plate smoothing splines. Latitude, longitude, and elevation were used as independent variables. The data can be used for mapping and spatial modeling in a GIS or with other computer programs. For a complete description, see: Hijmans, R.J., S.E. Cameron, J.L. Parra, P.G. Jones and A. Jarvis, 2005. Very high resolution interpolated climate surfaces for global land areas. International Journal of Climatology 25: 1965-1978.