The genus Rubus L.: An insight into phytochemicals and pharmacological studies of leaves from the most promising species

Rubus L. species (Rosaceae) are traditionally used worldwide for their food and medicinal properties. Although raspberries and blackberries are well-known fruits, the leaves hold significant but often overlooked value. The review is focused on the phytochemicals and pharmacological studies on leaves from the most promising taxa. Through a comprehensive search of the MEDLINE, Scopus, and Web of Science databases, numerous research articles were identified. The studies revealed over 160 diterpenoids, triterpenoid acids, saponins, ellagitannins, phenolic and acylquinic acids, and flavonoids in the discussed Rubus species. These compounds contribute to the leaves' protective effects, including astringent, hypoglycemic, and wound healing activity. Moreover, Rubus leaves are used for relieving diarrhea as well as in the treatment of ulcerative colitis, owing to their anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. This review highlights R. sanctus, R. ibericus, and R. chingii, along with R. idaeus, as prospective raw materials for therapeutic applications.悬钩子属（Rubus L.）植物隶属于蔷薇科（Rosaceae），全球范围内因兼具食用与药用价值而被传统应用。尽管树莓与黑莓作为广为人知的水果，但其叶片所蕴含的重要价值却常被忽视。本综述聚焦于研究前景较佳的类群叶片的植物化学与药理学研究。通过对MEDLINE、Scopus及Web of Science数据库的全面检索，本研究共筛选得到大量相关学术论文。相关研究在本综述涉及的悬钩子属植物中，共鉴定出160余种二萜、三萜酸、皂苷、鞣花单宁、酚类与酰基奎宁酸类化合物及黄酮类物质。上述化合物赋予叶片多种保护活性，包括收敛、降血糖以及促进伤口愈合的活性。此外，依托抗炎与抗氧化特性，悬钩子属叶片常被用于缓解腹泻及治疗溃疡性结肠炎。本综述着重指出，R. sanctus、R. ibericus、R. chingii与覆盆子（R. idaeus）可作为治疗用途的潜在原料。