Labour Force Survey 1992, 3rd quarter

Labour Force Survey 1992 - 3rd quarter

As of the 1st quarter of 1972, SSB has conducted official quarterly labour force surveys (AKU). These surveys aim to give the labour force authorities (and other people interested) knowledge of the occupational structure of the population and how it develops over time. The surveys are meant to give a foundation and statistical material for occupational prognoses and labour research. The samples in AKU are from 1992 representative at county level. In the period 1972-1991 they were representative on county pair level.

Originally, AKU respondents were interviewed in two consecutive quarters of a year, followed by a pause of two quarters, and then another two quarters of interviews. The sample was approximately 10-11.000 respondents in each quarter up until 1988. Originally, AKU was intended to be an analytical supplement to the monthly occupational statistics that was based on the social security membership index file. However, the social security-based statistics disappeared when the sickness benefit was included in the National Insurance as of 1st of January 1971, and AKU has after gradually developed into the most significant source of knowledge of the state of the labour market and its development.

In 1975, Statistics Norway changed the sampling frame of survey research, see article 37: “Om bruk av stikkprøver ved kontoret for intervjuundersøkelser”, SSB (About the Use of Random Samples at the Office for Survey Research, Statistics Norway) by Steinar Tamsfoss, and SØS 33: “Prinsipper og metoder for Statistisk sentralbyrås utvalgsundersøkelse (Principles and Methods for Statistics Norway's sample research) by Ib Thomsen. Simultaneously, the method for estimation of inflation to national numbers was changed, so that reasonable numbers for regions do exist from 1975 and onwards. The change in 1975 led to a different way of interviewing in groups. This caused amongst other things a break with the AKU panel systematics.

In the AKU survey of 1976, a slightly changed questionnaire was introduced. Also, there was a return to the original 6-quarter rotation scheme. The new questionnaire implied a better identification of family workers and persons that are temporarily without paid work. Thus, 30-35 000 more people were defined as employed. The group of "job-seekers without income" were also extended to include persons that were on an involuntary leave of absence. The questions concerning underemployment and “over employment” in the original questionnaire were abandoned.

From the 1st quarter of 1987, the estimation method (inflation to national numbers) was slightly changed. There was also a minor adjustment in the definition of employment. In order to ensure that the numbers were to be comparable to earlier surveys, new versions of the 1980-1986 AKU-files were drawn up. Consequently two versions of the 1980-1987 files - respectively with the old and new methods of estimation - exist. The “old” means that the data are comparable to the original numbers published in the period of 1972 - 1987, whilst the “new” implies that the data are comparable to numbers published after 1987.
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Between the 1st and 2nd quarter of 1988, the AKU file description was changed. The variable “Labour-market status” was given a different coding. In addition, adjustments in the data collections were made - from interviewing a specific week every quarter to carry out continuous weekly interviews. SSB also started up an escalation scheme to increase the sample size. This affected the weights, and from the 2nd quarter of 1988, these were recalculated monthly. To balance out the quarterly or yearly files to total national numbers, the monthly weights therefore had to be divided in three or twelve to give the correct total number.

In 1996, AKU was significantly revised: The questionnaire, the file description and the standard for coding of industry and occupation. The data collection also changed to CATI - Computer Assisted Telephone Interviewing. A new classification of industry was put into use (NOS C 182, based on the EU standard NACE, Rev.1). This standard was updated in 2002 and 2007. Also, the new occupational classification (STYRK) based on ISCO 88 was used from 1996 and onwards. The variable indicating socio-economic status was omitted, as a similar variable was not developed in the new occupational classification.

As from January 2006 some major changes were introduced to AKU in order to enhance its comparability to similar surveys in other countries. The changes consist of minor definitional adjustments of unemployment, some adjustments and enlargement of the questionnaire and a change in age definition (age at reference point instead of at the end of the year). Simultaneously the lower age limit to be included in AKU was lowered from 16 to 15 years. This led to some breaks in the time series in the mentioned areas.

1992年第三季度劳动力调查

自1972年第一季度起，挪威统计统计局（Statistics Norway，以下简称SSB）便开展官方季度劳动力调查（下文简称AKU）。此类调查旨在为劳动力管理部门及其他相关从业者提供人口职业结构及其随时间演变的相关信息，为职业预测与劳动力研究提供基础依据与统计素材。1992年的AKU样本以县级为代表性层级；而在1972年至1991年期间，样本代表性层级为县级配对层级。

最初，AKU的受访者需在一年中连续两个季度接受访谈，随后暂停两个季度，再开展后续两个季度的访谈。1988年以前，每季度的受访者样本量约为10000至11000人。AKU最初旨在作为基于社会保障参保索引文件的月度职业统计的分析补充。但1971年1月1日起，病假津贴被纳入国民保险体系后，基于社会保障的统计数据不复存在，AKU也逐步发展为了解劳动力市场现状及其发展态势的核心信息来源。

1975年，挪威统计统计局对调查研究的抽样框架进行了调整，详见Steinar Tamsfoss所著《关于调查研究办公室的随机样本使用规范》（原文为"Om bruk av stikkprøver ved kontoret for intervjuundesøkelser"），以及Ib Thomsen所著《挪威统计总局抽样调查的原则与方法》（原文为"Prinsipper og metoder for Statistisk sentralbyrås utvalgsundersøkelse"）。与此同时，全国数据的通胀估算方法也进行了调整，自此1975年起可生成合理的区域层面估算数据。1975年的调整还改变了群体访谈方式，这使得AKU的面板系统连续性被打破。

1976年的AKU调查中，问卷内容进行了小幅调整，同时回归至最初的6季度轮换机制。新问卷能够更好地识别家庭雇工与临时无薪工作者，因此新增了30000至35000名就业人员。“无收入求职者”群体的定义也得到扩充，将非自愿休假人员纳入其中。原问卷中关于就业不足与“过度就业”的问题被移除。

自1987年第一季度起，全国数据的通胀估算方法进行了小幅调整，就业定义也进行了小幅调整。为确保数据与此前的调查具有可比性，研究人员重新编制了1980年至1986年的AKU数据集版本。因此1980年至1987年的数据集存在两个版本：分别采用旧估算方法与新估算方法。“旧版本”的数据可与1972年至1987年期间发布的原始数据进行比对，“新版本”的数据则可与1987年之后发布的数据进行比对。

1988年第一季度至第二季度期间，AKU的数据集说明进行了修改，“劳动力市场状态”变量的编码方式发生了变化。此外，数据收集流程也进行了调整：从每季度针对特定一周开展访谈，改为开展连续的周度访谈。挪威统计统计局还启动了样本量扩容计划，这对权重计算产生了影响，自1988年第二季度起，权重改为按月重新计算。为了使季度或年度数据集与全国总数据保持平衡，需将月度权重除以3或12，以得到正确的总样本量。

1996年，AKU进行了大幅修订：涵盖问卷内容、数据集说明以及行业与职业编码标准。数据收集方式也改为计算机辅助电话访谈（Computer Assisted Telephone Interviewing，以下简称CATI）。新采用了基于欧盟标准NACE Rev.1的行业分类标准NOS C 182，该标准分别于2002年与2007年进行了更新。同时，1996年起开始采用基于ISCO 88的新职业分类标准STYRK。由于新职业分类体系中未开发类似变量，原有的社会经济地位指示变量被移除。

2006年1月起，AKU进行了多项重大调整，以提升其与其他国家同类调查的可比性。调整内容包括：对失业定义进行小幅调整、优化并扩充问卷内容，以及调整年龄定义（以调查基准时点的年龄替代年末年龄）。同时，AKU的最低参与年龄从16岁下调至15岁。上述调整导致该数据集在相关领域的时间序列出现断裂。