Cross-cultural adaptation and validation of the Sinus and Nasal Quality of Life Survey (SN-5) into Brazilian Portuguese

Abstract Introduction: The concept of quality of life is subjective and variable definition, which depends on the individual's perception of their state of health. Quality of life questionnaires are instruments designed to measure quality of life, but most are developed in a language other than Portuguese. Questionnaires can identify the most important symptoms, focus on consultation, and assist in defining the goals of treatment. Some of these have been validated for the Portuguese language, but none in children. Objective: To validate the translation with cross-cultural adaptation and validation of the Sinus and Nasal Quality of Life Survey (SN-5) into Portuguese. Methods: Prospective study of children aged 2-12 years with sinonasal symptoms of over 30 days. The study comprised two stages: (I) translation and cross-cultural adaptation of the SN-5 into Portuguese (SN-5p); and (II) validation of the SN5-p. Statistical analysis was performed to assess internal consistency, test-retest reliability, and sensitivity, as well as construct and discriminant validity and standardization. Results: The SN-5 was translated and adapted into Portuguese (SN-5p) and the author of the original version approved the process. Validation was carried out by administration of the SN-5p to 51 pediatric patients with sinonasal complaints (mean age, 5.8 ± 2.5 years; range, 2-12 years). The questionnaire exhibited adequate construct validity (0.62, p &lt; 0.01), internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha = 0.73), and discriminant validity (p &lt; 0.01), as well as good test-retest reproducibility (Goodman-Kruskal gamma = 0.957, p &lt; 0.001), good correlation with a visual analog scale (r = 0.62, p &lt; 0.01), and sensitivity to change. Conclusion: This study reports the successful translation and cross-cultural adaptation of the SN-5 instrument into Brazilian Portuguese. The translated version exhibited adequate psychometric properties for assessment of disease-specific quality of life in pediatric patients with sinonasal complaints.摘要 引言：生活质量的概念具有主观性且定义可变，其取决于个体对自身健康状况的感知。生活质量问卷是用于评估生活质量的工具，但绝大多数问卷均以非葡萄牙语开发。此类问卷可识别最为重要的症状、聚焦临床问诊，并辅助确立治疗目标。其中部分问卷已完成葡萄牙语版本的效度验证，但尚无针对儿童群体的版本。 研究目的：将鼻窦鼻腔生活质量调查问卷（Sinus and Nasal Quality of Life Survey, SN-5）进行跨文化调适与翻译验证，使其适配葡萄牙语版本。 研究方法：本研究为前瞻性研究，纳入2~12岁、存在持续30天以上鼻鼻窦症状的儿童。研究分为两个阶段：（I）将SN-5翻译并跨文化调适为葡萄牙语版本（SN-5p）；（II）对SN-5p进行效度验证。采用统计学分析评估内部一致性、重测信度、敏感性，以及结构效度、区分效度与标准化水平。 研究结果：已完成SN-5的葡萄牙语翻译与调适（即SN-5p），且原版本作者已批准该翻译调适流程。共向51名存在鼻鼻窦不适的儿科患者施测SN-5p以完成验证，受试者平均年龄为5.8±2.5岁，年龄范围2~12岁。该问卷展现出良好的结构效度（相关系数0.62，p<0.01）、内部一致性（克朗巴赫α系数=0.73）与区分效度（p<0.01），同时具备优异的重测复现性（Goodman-Kruskal伽马系数=0.957，p<0.001）、与视觉模拟评分法的良好相关性（相关系数r=0.62，p<0.01），以及对病情变化的敏感性。 研究结论：本研究成功将SN-5问卷翻译并跨文化调适为巴西葡萄牙语版本。该翻译版本具备良好的心理测量学特性，可用于评估存在鼻鼻窦不适的儿科患者的疾病特异性生活质量。