Supplementary Information Files for Fasted plasma asprosin concentrations are associated with menstrual cycle phase, oral contraceptive use and training status in healthy women

Supplementary Information Files for Fasted plasma asprosin concentrations are associated with menstrual cycle phase, oral contraceptive use and training status in healthy womenPurpose: Asprosin, an orexigenic hormone that stimulates hepatic glucose release, is elevated in insulin resistance and associated with obesity. Plasma asprosin concentrations may also be related to female sex hormone levels; higher levels are reported in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) but this may be related to peripheral insulin resistance also associated with PCOS. Clarification of female-specific factors influence on the plasma asprosin response is crucial for studies investigating asprosin. Therefore, this study determined the association of menstrual phase, oral contraceptive (OC) use (as a pharmacological influence on sex hormone levels) and training status (as a physiological influence on sex hormone levels) on plasma asprosin levels in pre-menopausal women. Methods: Fasting plasma asprosin, 17β-estradiol (E2) and progesterone, were assessed in 32 healthy untrained and trained women with regular menstrual cycles (non-OC; n = 8 untrained, n = 6 trained) or using OC (n = 10 untrained, n = 8 trained) during early follicular, late follicular and mid-luteal menstrual phases (or the time-period equivalent for OC users). Results: Asprosin was lower in OC (0.75 ± 0.38 ng mL−1) than non-OC users (1.00 ± 0.37 ng mL−1; p = 0.022). Across a cycle, asprosin was highest in the early follicular equivalent time-point in OC users (0.87 ± 0.37 ng mL−1) but highest in the mid-luteal phase in non-OC users (1.09 ± 0.40 ng mL−1). Asprosin concentrations varied more across a cycle in untrained than trained women, with higher concentrations in the early follicular phase compared to the late follicular and mid-luteal (training status-by-menstrual phase interaction p = 0.028). Conclusion: These findings highlight the importance of considering OC use, menstrual cycle phase and to a lesser extent training status when investigating circulating asprosin concentrations in females.

附加信息文件：血浆中Asprosin浓度与月经周期阶段、口服避孕药使用及训练状态在健康女性中的相关性研究目的：Asprosin，一种可刺激肝脏葡萄糖释放的促食欲激素，在胰岛素抵抗状态下水平升高，并与肥胖相关。血浆Asprosin浓度也可能与女性性激素水平相关；据报道，多囊卵巢综合征（PCOS）患者的Asprosin水平较高，但这可能与PCOS相关的周围性胰岛素抵抗有关。阐明女性特异性因素对血浆Asprosin反应的影响对于Asprosin研究至关重要。因此，本研究旨在确定月经周期阶段、口服避孕药（OC）使用（作为影响性激素水平的药物因素）以及训练状态（作为影响性激素水平的生理因素）与绝经前女性血浆Asprosin水平之间的关联。方法：对32名月经周期规律、未经训练和接受训练的健康女性（非OC；未经训练n=8，接受训练n=6）或使用OC（未经训练n=10，接受训练n=8）的早期卵泡期、晚期卵泡期和中期黄体期（或OC用户的相当时间点）的空腹血浆Asprosin、17β-雌二醇（E2）和孕酮进行了评估。结果：与未使用OC的用户（1.00±0.37 ng mL−1；p=0.022）相比，使用OC的Asprosin水平较低（0.75±0.38 ng mL−1）。在整个周期中，使用OC的用户的Asprosin在早期卵泡期相当时间点最高（0.87±0.37 ng mL−1），而在未使用OC的用户中，Asprosin在中期黄体期最高（1.09±0.40 ng mL−1）。与接受训练的女性相比，未经训练的女性的Asprosin浓度在周期中的变化更大，在早期卵泡期较晚期卵泡期和中期黄体期浓度更高（训练状态与月经阶段交互作用p=0.028）。结论：这些发现突出了在研究女性循环Asprosin浓度时考虑OC使用、月经周期阶段以及在一定程度上考虑训练状态的重要性。