TILLAGE INTERFERENCE IN THE QUALITY OF PEANUT MECHANIZED HARVEST

ABSTRACT In Brazil, a large portion of peanut production is found under conventional soil preparation. Due to the fact that there is a lack in studies related to the cultivation of peanuts in conservationists soil preparation, mainly in the field of losses and mechanized harvesting. Thus, it was aimed to assess the quality of digging and gathering operation of peanut, based on losses, using statistical process control techniques in two tillages. The sowing was carried out under conventional and conservationist preparation, revolving only the sowing line. Losses were evaluated in the digging and gathering operation, being that in the gathering it was evaluated the harvest losses in three displacement speeds (4, 6 and 8 km h-1) in two tillages. The quality of the process was affected by the soil preparation based on the visible and invisible losses, respectively. Regarding the gathering, the conservationist preparation, it was unstable in all indicators, whereas in the conventional preparation it was noticed reduction of the variability for all the displacement speeds. The peanut sowing under conservationist preparation provided a better quality digging. In contrast, the gathering of pods in areas under conventional tillage showed a better quality of the operation.摘要：在巴西，花生生产的较大占比采用常规土壤耕作模式。目前针对保护性土壤耕作（conservationist soil preparation）下花生栽培的研究较为匮乏，尤其是在产量损失与机械化收获领域。因此，本研究旨在基于损失维度，结合两种耕作模式下的统计过程控制技术，评估花生挖掘与捡拾作业的质量。本试验分别采用常规耕作与保护性土壤耕作模式开展播种，且仅对播种行参数进行调整。对挖掘与捡拾作业中的损失情况进行评估；其中捡拾环节在两种耕作模式下，分别以4、6和8 km·h⁻¹三种移动速度测定收获损失。分别以可见损失与不可见损失为评价指标时，作业流程的质量均受土壤耕作方式的影响。就捡拾作业而言，保护性土壤耕作模式下的各项指标均表现不稳定；而常规耕作模式下，所有移动速度对应的变异性均有所降低。采用保护性土壤耕作模式开展的花生播种，可获得更优质的挖掘作业质量；与之相对，常规耕作区域的荚果捡拾作业质量更优。