Município VerdeAzul Program: an integrated environmental management analysis in the state of São Paulo

Abstract This study analyzed the environmental management in the municipalities in the state of São Paulo based on the results of the program “Município VerdeAzul” (PMVA) [GreenBlue municipalities program], relating them to population size, public environmental expenditures and health conditions of the population. Data from 2008 to 2013 were collected from public databases and analyzed using descriptive statistics techniques, multilevel analysis, correlation and the construction of maps to represent the geographic distribution of the indicators. The paper evidences discontinuity in the adhesion to PMVA, as well as intraregional and interregional differences in the environmental performance with concentration of the worst results in the southern region of the state, which is not explained by population size. The ten cities identified with the best environmental performance were: Novo Horizonte, Santa Rosa de Viterbo, Santa Fé do Sul, Itu, Gabriel Monteiro, Sorocaba, Franca, Piacatu, Dirce Reis and Lins. In addition, analysis showed the inexistence of a pattern of environmental investment in the state. It was also observed that the amount of environmental expenditure is slightly and positively correlated with PMVA performance and with lower hospitalization rates for diarrheal diseases in children. This study helps public decision-making, enabling an integrated and holistic view of environmental management in São Paulo.摘要 本研究基于「绿蓝市政」（葡萄牙语名称Município VerdeAzul，英文全称GreenBlue Municipalities Program，简称PMVA）项目的实施成果，对圣保罗州各市政的环境管理状况展开分析，并将分析结果与人口规模、公共环境支出及居民健康状况相关联。研究收集了2008年至2013年的公开数据库数据，采用描述性统计、多层分析、相关性分析及指标地理分布可视化制图法开展分析。本研究证实，各市政对PMVA项目的参与度存在明显断层，同时环境绩效存在区域内与区域间差异，最差绩效集中分布于圣保罗州南部地区，且这一分布特征无法通过人口规模加以解释。环境绩效最优的十座城市依次为：新地平线（Novo Horizonte）、维泰博圣罗莎（Santa Rosa de Viterbo）、南圣菲（Santa Fé do Sul）、伊图（Itu）、加布里埃尔·蒙特罗（Gabriel Monteiro）、索罗卡巴（Sorocaba）、弗朗卡（Franca）、皮亚卡图（Piacatu）、迪尔塞·赖斯（Dirce Reis）与林斯（Lins）。此外，分析显示圣保罗州的环境投资缺乏统一模式。研究同时发现，环境支出规模与PMVA项目绩效呈微弱正相关，同时与儿童腹泻病更低的住院率相关联。本研究可为公共决策提供参考，助力全面、整体地把握圣保罗州的环境管理现状。