Hybrid governance as a dynamic hub for violent non-state actors: examining the case of Rio de Janeiro

Abstract This paper aims to expand the concept of hybrid governance and analyses the case of Rio Janeiro, where criminal control coexists with the state. This study addresses the following research question: is Rio de Janeiro an important case for expanding the concept of hybrid governance in peace and security studies? The results show that not only can it be considered a space of hybrid governance, but also a dynamic hub with constant violence outbreaks with local and global impact.摘要 本研究旨在拓展混合治理（hybrid governance）的概念范畴，并以里约热内卢为分析案例——该地区刑事管控与国家治理并存。本研究拟解答如下研究问题：在和平与安全研究领域，里约热内卢是否可作为拓展混合治理概念的重要案例？研究结果表明，该地区不仅可被认定为混合治理空间，同时亦是一个持续爆发暴力事件、兼具本地与全球影响力的动态枢纽。