Prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors in non-institutionalized elderly

INTRODUCTION: As people live longer, prevalence of diseases in which age is risk factor increase, as cardiovascular disease OBJECTIVE: To investigate the prevalence of risk factors for cardiovascular diseases in non-institutionalized elderly by different age and sex groups. METHOD: Cross-sectional study with a convenience sample of non-institutionalized elderly. The variables hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, overweight and abdominal adiposity were investigated. The chi-square test was used to analyze statistical differences. RESULTS: The prevalence of hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, overweight and abdominal fat were, respectively, 82.30% for woman and 76.81 for men (p>0.05), 43.64% for woman and 25.48% for men (p<0.05), 47.40% for woman and 36.12% for men (p<0.05) and 76.16% for woman and 41.06% for men (p<0.05). Prevalence of overweight was lowest in the age group >80 year. CONCLUSION: Older woman may be considered as the most vulnerable group for cardiovascular disease, with variables above recommended, and higher prevalence of arterial hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, overweight and abdominal adiposity. Regarding age group, we identified prevalence in overweight only, as age advances.

引言：随着人类寿命延长，以年龄为危险因素的疾病患病率逐年升高，心血管疾病即为这类疾病之一。研究目的：探究不同年龄与性别分组的居家养老老年人群中心血管疾病危险因素的流行情况。研究方法：本研究为横断面研究（cross-sectional study），采用便利抽样法选取居家养老老年人群作为研究样本，调查变量涵盖高血压（hypertension）、高胆固醇血症（hypercholesterolemia）、超重（overweight）及腹部肥胖（abdominal adiposity），采用卡方检验（chi-square test）分析组间统计学差异。研究结果：女性与男性的高血压、高胆固醇血症、超重及腹部肥胖患病率分别为：高血压82.30%与76.81%（p>0.05，组间无统计学差异）；高胆固醇血症43.64%与25.48%（p<0.05，组间差异具有统计学意义）；超重47.40%与36.12%（p<0.05）；腹部肥胖76.16%与41.06%（p<0.05）。超重患病率在80岁以上年龄组中最低。结论：老年女性群体的心血管疾病相关危险因素检出水平均高于临床推荐标准，高血压、高胆固醇血症、超重及腹部肥胖的患病率均显著高于男性，可被视为心血管疾病的最高危人群。就年龄分组而言，仅超重患病率随年龄增长呈现下降趋势。