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Two studies examined the impact of the availability of a “Training Wheel" (the option to avoid desirable difficulties and reduce the informativeness of feedback) in a kind environment. Participants learned Portuguese words with or without Training Wheels. While Training Wheels participants initially performed better, they were surpassed in a final test (without Training Wheels). They also displayed overconfidence in their final performance. Avoiding desirable difficulties and error is therefore detrimental to learning although seem to be oblivious to it.两项研究考察了在良性环境中「辅助训练轮（Training Wheel）」——即可规避理想困难（desirable difficulties）并降低反馈信息量的选项——的可用性所产生的影响。实验参与者在有无辅助训练轮的条件下学习葡萄牙语单词。尽管使用辅助训练轮的参与者在初始阶段表现更优，但在后续的无辅助训练轮最终测试中，他们的成绩被其他参与者超越。同时，这些参与者在最终测试中还表现出过度自信。由此可见，规避理想困难与错误虽看似无害，实则对学习产生不利影响，而学习者自身往往对此浑然不觉。