Hemodynamic parameters, echocardiographic parameters, organ weights and left ventricular gene expression.

Echocardiographic measurements (n = 15–25 per group), hemodynamic measurements (n = 15–21 per group), heart, liver, long and kidney weights (15–25 per group), LV and RV weight (n = 11–16 per group) and left ventricular mRNA expression of genes associated with hypertrophy and fibrosis (n = 12–17 per group). Organ weights are corrected by tibia length. Results are expressed as mean ± SEM. Gene expression data is shown compared to control. *P<0.05, **P<0.01, ***P<0.001 vs sham. # P<0.05, # #P<0.01, # # #P<0.001 vs TAC 4 weeks. TAC, transverse aortic constriction; IVSd, diastolic interventricular septum; LVPWd, diastolic left ventricular posterior wall; LVIDd, diastolic left ventricular internal diameter; LVIDs, systolic left ventricular internal diameter; EF, ejection fraction; LV, left ventricle; RV, right ventricle; BNP, brain natriuretic peptide; GDF15, growth differentiation factor 15; β-MHC, β-myosin heavy chain.