Assessing Lifetime Resilience of Underground Infrastructure to Multiple Hazards Based on Unified Modelling and Sustainable Optimization

Underground infrastructure, such as tunnels and metro systems, faces risks from multiple hazards such ageing and earthquake. This thesis develops a numerical approach to comprehensively investigates the assessing of resilience of underground infrastructure under multi-hazard (including long-term deterioration and abrupt disturbance) through a lifetime aspect (e.g. construction, operation, possible hazards and restoration). The unified modelling approach developed in this study enables quantitative evaluation of both resilience and sustainability metrics. This quantitative basis facilitates optimized decision-making regarding construction methods and operational strategies when facing diverse hazard scenarios.