Summary of findings for low carbohydrate diets compared with balanced diets for overweight and obese adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus at 1–2 years follow-up.

CI: Confidence interval;
aNote this is the univariate average change observed between follow-up and baseline in the control group.
GRADE Working Group grades of evidence.
High quality: Further research is very unlikely to change our confidence in the estimate of effect.
Moderate quality: Further research is likely to have an important impact on our confidence in the estimate of effect and may change the estimate.
Low quality: Further research is very likely to have an important impact on our confidence in the estimate of effect and is likely to change the estimate.
Very low quality: We are very uncertain about the estimate.
1Downgraded by 1 for risk of bias: 2 of 4 studies did not report adequate allocation concealment. 1 study had high total attrition (>20%) and 2 studies had differential attrition.
2Downgraded by 1 for imprecision: The 95% confidence interval includes both a loss of 2.08 kg and a gain of 3.89 kg.
3Downgraded by 1 for risk of bias: 2 of 4 studies did not report adequate allocation concealment, 2 studies had high total attrition (>20%), 2 studies had differential attrition.
4Downgraded by 1 for risk of bias: 1 of 3 studies did not report adequate allocation concealment. 2 studies had high total attrition (>20%), 2 studies had differential attrition.
5Downgraded by 1 for imprecision: confidence interval range is about 0.7 mmol/L.