Effects of fungicide and herbicide on a non-target butterfly performance

Agricultural intensification is one of the key drivers of biodiversity loss. Intensified agriculture is often associated with increased use of pesticides and the use of pesticides could negatively impact also non-target species living in the vicinity of agricultural lands. We exposed larvae of the Glanville fritillary butterfly (Melitaea cinxia) to a short-term exposure of a herbicide, a fungicide, or a mix of the two via their larval host plant (Plantago lanceolata). Survival and performance of the larvae was recorded and potential carry-over effects on adult butterfly fitness traits were assessed under semi-natural conditions in an outdoor enclosure. Our results showed significantly increased mortality in the larvae exposed to the fungicide and the fungicide-herbicide mix treatments, both of which also impacted adult morphology. Adult female butterflies exposed to the mix of fungicide and herbicide treatment during their development also had lower lifetime reproductive success than th..., This data includes information on the Glanville fritillary butterfly larvae that were used in the experiment. Larvae were collected from the wild in September 2023 and used for the experiment in Spring 2024. The data collected during the experiment is in this dataset., , # Data from: Effects of fungicide and herbicide on a non-target butterfly performance

[https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.1vhhmgr43](https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.1vhhmgr43)

## Description of the data and file structure

Data files (.csv) are named as \"NameYear\"_\"DataIdentifier\".csv 

### Files and variables

#### File: Riihimaki2024\_Larvae.csv

**Description:** Individual information for each larva used in the experiment

##### Variables

* Locality: sample origin, nest ID
* Unit ID: AF23= Aland Fall 2023 + Locality
* break_diapause: date of breaking the diapause
* last_instar: the day larva reached their final/7th instar
* treatment: experimental treatment assigned to each individual; C=control, A=fungicide, G=herbicide, M=mix
* pupation: date of pupation
* pupa_weight: pupal weight in mg
* eclosion: date of eclosion
* sex: M=male, F=female
* adult_ID: running ID number given at eclosion
* fw_length: forewing length in mm
* death_date: date of death
* parasitoid: 1 if larva was parasiti...,