Identification of different extracellular vesicles in the hydatid fluid of Echinococcus granulosus and immunomodulatory effects of 110 K EVs on sheep PBMCs

we firstly separated and identified three different EVs from E. granulosus (G1) HF. The protein and miRNA cargoes of all the EVs were comparatively defined by using high performance liquid chromatography-coupled tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) and high-throughput sequencing, respectively. It was further demonstrated that 110 K EVs were internalized by sheep peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and thus induced the ectopic expression of cytokines and the core components in the LPS/TLR4 signaling pathway, providing a clue to further investigate their role in the interplay between the parasite and host.