Data for "Nepotism masks reciprocity in cooperation networks"

The first dataset contains 1703 observations of mandrill allogrooming collected between July 2014 and June 2015 from 10 sexually mature female mandrills (Mandrillus sphinx) in a group that also included two mature males. The second dataset contains 737 observations of macaque allogrooming collected between April and November 1996 from 22 sexually mature female Japanese macaques (Macaca fuscata) in a group of 71 that also included mature males and juveniles. Both studies were conducted on animals living at the Rome Zoo (Bioparco) in Italy. An observer recorded the duration of all female-female grooming episodes involving the focal subject, either as actor or recipient. All female subjects were available as potential grooming partners throughout the study. Kinship was based on maternal pedigrees. The third dataset includes 563 regurgitated food-sharing donations in common vampire bats (Desmodus rotundus) from previous studies (Carter and Wilkinson 2013a; Carter and Wilkinson 2013b; Carter and Wilkinson 2015). Food sharing was induced by fasting a subject then watching it for one or two hours from December 2010 through July 2014 (for details, see Carter and Wilkinson 2013b; Carter and Wilkinson 2015). Each donation was estimated by the total seconds that the unfed subject licked the mouth of a fed groupmate per hour of observation. We only included individuals in our analysis if they were fasted at some point during the study and hence could have been receivers. Over the course of the study period, the number of potential donors ranged from 19 to 36, and we accounted for this in our permutation procedure by providing a list of potential donors that were present and had fed, for each observation. Kinship was estimated using a maternal pedigree and maximum likelihood estimates applied to genotypes of 19 polymorphic microsatellite markers (for details see Carter and Wilkinson 2015).