Computation of pandemic cost, pandemic cost per capita, net benefits and return on investment.

The formulations to compute pandemic cost, pandemic cost per capita, net benefits and return on investment are presented below for the scenarios of without and with vaccine intervention. Pandemic cost is the total cost associated with the health outcomes of influenza cases and the cost of vaccination, and pandemic cost per capita is the average pandemic cost per person. The net benefits is the difference in cost due to improved health outcomes from vaccination and the vaccination cost. Return on investment is the gain in net benefits relative to the vaccination cost.