Google AI Overviews during the 2025 Dutch parliamentary elections

This dataset comprises data on Google AI Overviews over the course of twelve weeks during the run-up and aftermath of the 2025 Dutch Parliamentary elections on 29 October 25. Datasets election_queries.csv: A list of 5,143 queries used including their categories. google_ai_results_[date].csv/json: Scrapes for twelve weeks from 20 August through 11 November 2025. google_ai_mode_2025-10-11.csv/json: Scrape of AI Mode answers wiht the same questions. Data was gathered with Kenniskrabber, an openly accessible AI Overview and AI Mode scraper. See our blog post for more details on the data gathering. Missing data These data are absent because of technical or logistical issues: 11 October scrape