Fitting the NiDP model.

Data sets that are consistent with no interaction between the Plasmodium spp. considered are highlighted in grey (and have a row number marked with bold font in the first column). Such data sets have both p-values for the GoF test of the NiDP model p(GoF)>0.05 (marked in bold in the sixth column), and ΔAIC≥2 (for the comparison between the NiDP model and the multinomial model; marked in bold in the 12th column), meaning the NiDP model is adequate. The multinomial model corresponds to the statistical independence hypothesis. Parameters R0,1 and R0,2 are associated with P. falciparum and P. malariae, respectively. Parameter R0,3 corresponds either to P. vivax (upper part of the table, data sets 74–137) or to P. ovale (lower part of the table, data sets 68–103). The final column contains a “Y” whenever at least one association between a pair of pathogens was assessed to be significant by Howard and colleagues [17] (and “N” when not significant). A “Y” in cells shaded pink correspond to possible statistical associations that are consistent with our no-interaction model (NiDP), i.e., cases in which our methods lead to results diverging from those reported in [17].