Attention and interpretation bias modification transfers to memory bias: Testing the combined cognitive bias hypothesis.

The combined cognitive bias hypothesis posits that negative attention and interpretation biases may influence memory bias and collectively contribute to depression. The current study investigated this possible causal effect by examining whether modifications in attention and interpretation biases result in congruent changes to memory bias. Ninety-nine Dutch-speaking undergraduates underwent either a positive (PT) or negative (NT) four-day attention and interpretation bias training, the transfer effect on different facets of memory bias was assessed by a set of well-established computerized task including free recall task, recognition task, autobiographic memory task and self-referential encoding and incidental recall task. The results suggested a strong and extensive transfer effect on different forms of memory bias, being found not only in retrieving emotional training stimuli, but also in the memory intrusion of new emotional materials and the recall of personal life events. The findings underscore the interaction of cognitive biases which supported combined cognitive bias hypothesis. It suggested a possible therapeutic intervention on memory bias via attention and interpretation bias training.