Enhancing betavoltaic nuclear battery performance with 3D P+PNN+ multi-groove structure via carrier evolution

We introduce a novel 3D 63Ni-SiC-based P+PNN+ structure with a multi-groove design, avoiding the need for PN junctions on the inner surface, and thus reducing leakage current and power losses. Monte Carlo simulations were performed considering the fully coupled physical model to extend the electron-hole pair generation rate to a 3D structure, enabling the efficient design and development of betavoltaic batteries with complex 3D structures. The proposed model produces the significantly higher maximum output power density, compared with conventional planar batteries.The original data were generated or simulated by  Geant4, COMSOL Multiphysics code and numerical model via python codes.